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Show | 94. if q = LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY THE sea, others inhabit who are called the Doguenes, and opposite them others by the name of Mendica. Farther along the coast are the Quevenes, and in front of them, on the main, the Mariames; and continuing by the coast are others called Guaycones; and in front of them, within on the main, the Yguazes. At the close of these are the Atayos; and, in their rear others, the Acubadaos, and beyond them are many in the same direction. By the coast live those called Quitoks, and in front inward on the main are the Chavarares, to whom adjoin the Maliacones, the Cultalchulches, and others called Susolas, and the Comos; and by the coast farther on are the Camoles; and on the same coast in advance are those whom we called People of the Figs.’’ These various tribes lived in lodges, and their villages were constructed in various ways; each spoke a different language, although some understood the language of their neighbors. They were great lovers of smoke, with which they stupefied themselves. They made a tea from the leaves of a tree that resembled the oak. In the preparation of this drink, they toasted the leaves in a pot, and after they were well parched, the pot was filled with water and twice boiled, when the liquid was poured into a jar to cool. They drank it as soon as it was covered with a thick froth, and as hot as they could bear it. The color of the liquid was yellow, and while boiling the pot was carefully covered, but if it happened to be open while & woman passed by, they threw the tea away. This tea they drank for three days and a half, and each one drank daily about four and a half gallons. It was customary for the men, while drinking, to cry out, “‘Who wants a drink?’’ ‘‘When the women hear these cries they instantly stop, without daring to move; and although they be heavily loaded they dare do nothing further. Should the woman move, they dishonor her and beat her with sticks, and, greatly vexed, throw away the liquor they have prepared; while they who have drunk, eject it, which they do readily and without pain. They sive as a reason for the usage that when they are about to drink It, if the women move from where they hear the ery, something per- miclous enters the body in that liquid, shortly producing death.’’ Cabeza de Vaca and companions, after leaving the Arbadaos, were well received by the tribe of Indians with whom it was their fortune next to wander. The members of this tribe brought them food to eat, which consisted of a flour made of the ‘‘mesquiquez,’’ mesquite FIRST SPANISH EXPLORERS 95 bean. These Indians made a feast for the Spaniards, accompanied by great festivities and dances, which lasted several days. After they had lived with this tribe for some time, they were visited by the women of a tribe living further on, with whom Cabeza de Vaca proposed to return, but not without much opposition from his present hosts. These women pointed out to the Spaniards the direction in which their village lay, and, bidding farewell to the Indians, they started off to find it. They wandered about for some time, when they were overtaken by the women, who acted as guides. They traveled until sunset, when they came to the village, which consisted of one hundred lodges. On their way they crossed a large river, the water of which, in fording, came up breast high. As they approached the village, the inhabitants came out to welcome them. Many of the savages carried gourds, bored with holes, with pebble stones inside; these were held in great veneration and were only brought out on great occasions.°* Wonderful virtues were attributed to them, and they were used in effecting cures. The Spaniards were told that they grew in heaven and were washed down to their country by the river. From all sides the Indians gathered to welcome the strangers. The Indians carried them in their arms into their lodges. Permission was asked of Cabeza de Vaca to perform some ceremony in their honor, but this was declined by the Spaniards. They were asked by the entire population to bless them in the same manner they had done to others through whose countries they had passed. They remained here two days and then departed, accompanied by the inhabitants who escorted them to the next village. Here again they were met with rejoicing and abundant provisions, including a portion of a deer that had been killed that day. Their Services as healers were required at this place, and in return for their services the Indians gave them bows and arrows, shoes and beads, the Indians who accompanied the Spaniards being presented with the last two articles. . 90-91, of Spanish Explorers wm the Southern °6 Hodge, F. W., in note United Sasi, says: coThe ‘Waa Indians of New Mexico have oer ri gourds for use as rattles and receptacles, especially dippers, from immemorial. If the Pecos were the stream, or one of the streams, pantie ae nt Pew of pueblo the from come gourds were derived they might have of the present Santa Fé; if from the Rio Grande, they me a co Various villages along that river and its tributaries 1n the north. |