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Show SPANISH tuted a most vigorous RULE, campaign 1700 TO 1822 425 against them, defeating them in a decisive battle, after which they were compelled to make a treaty of peace. Little seems to have been recorded during the years following the campaign against the Navajés, other than the activity of the members of the Franciscan order, led by Padre Peja, in an effort to compel the Indians to abandon the rites which they performed in their estufas or kivas. The Franciscans also made complaint to the Jemez proper, which they now occupy, their habitat being bounded on the south by the range of the west division of the Rio Grande Keresan tribes — the Sia and Santa Ana. Castafieda, the chronicler of Coronado’s expedition of 1541, speaks of seven pueblos of the Jemez tribe in addition to three others in the province of Aguas Calientes, identified by Simpson with the Jemez Hot Springs region. Espejo in 1583 also mentions that seven villages were occupied by the Jemez, while in 1598 Ofiate heard of eleven but saw only eight. In the opinion of Bandelier, it is probable that ten pueblos were inhabited by the tribe in the early part of the 16th century. o Following is a list of the pueblos formerly occupied by the Jemez people 80 faras known. The names include those given by Ofiate, which may be identi- cal with some of the others: Amushhungkwa, Astialakwa, Bulitzequa, Catroo, Ceca, Guatitrutri, Guayoguia, Gyusiwa, Hanakwa, Kiashita, Kiatsukwa, Mecastria, Nokyuntseleta, Nonyishagi, Ostyalkwa, Patoqua, Pebulikwa, Pekwilligi, Potre, Seshiuqua, Setoqua, Towakwa, Trea, Tyajuindena, Tyasoliwa, Uuhatzaa, Wabakwa, Yjar, Zolatun ezezhii. ‘Doubtless the reason for the division of the tribe into so many lesser village communities instead of aggregating in a single pueblo for defense against the Persistent aggressiveness of the Navajé, according to. Bandelier, was the fact that cultivable areas in the sandy valley of the Jemez and its lower tributaries are small and at somewhat considerable distances from one another; but another and perhaps more significant reason was that the Navaj6 were apparently not troublesome to the Pueblos at the time of the Spanish conquest. On the establishment of Spanish missions in this section and the introduction of improved methods of utilizing water for irrigation, however, the Jemez were induced to abandon their pueblos one by one, until about the year 1622 they became conSolidated into the two settlements of Gyusiwa and probably Astialakwa, mainly through the efforts of the Fray Martin de Arvide. These pueblos are supposed to have been the seats of the missions of San Diego and San Joseph, respectively, and both contained chapels probably from 1618. Astialakwa was permanently abandoned prior to the Pueblo revolt of 1680, but in the meantime another Pueblo (probably Patoqua) seems to have been established, which became the mssion of San Juan de los Jemez. About the middle of the 17th century the emez conspired with the Navaj6 against the Spaniards, but the outbreak plotted was suppressed by the hanging of twenty-nine of the Jemez. A few years later g ® Jemez were again confederated with the Navajé and some Tigua against the +a but the contemplated rebellion was again quelled, the Navajo ea in ae their hostility toward the village dwellers. In the revolt of the Pueblos ag 1680, the Jemez took a prominent part. . . 7’ : 6 Wncats Jemez, who fled to the Navaj6 country at the time of the revolt in 169 ; an Was 1 there several years, 108 of the but finally returned to their tonmoy et nected their present village which is called Walatoa, ‘‘ Village ' Tn 1728, inhabitants made a visita of the mission of Sia. died of pestilence. In 1782 “ @ Jemez The Jemez now number about 500. |