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Show ae I LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY = wees eed epee 932 The inhabitants were Piros, whose villages extended up the Rio Grande to a point somewhere in the neighborhood of the present town of Belen. There is no doubt that they are simply the remains of the pueblo of Ta-bi-ra. The name of Quivira was given to them in the latter part of the last century (18th) in consequence of a misunderstanding. The mission at Tabira was founded, and the older and smaller of the two churches built by Fray Francisco de Acevedo, between 1625 and 1644. Vetancurt (Menologio, p. 260). The large church and convent are posterior to that date, and were evidently never used, not even finished.. There were Indians (Piros) from Tabira at El Paso in 1684. Causa Criminal por Denunciacion de Andrés Jopita Ms. p. 4. Whether the pueblo ‘‘de Jumanos’’ was the same as Tabira it is difficult to determine. I suspect it to have been the same. In the document entitled Confessiones y Declaraciones de varios Indios de los Pueblos del Nuevo Mesico, 1683 (Ms., fol. 6) there is the deposition of an Indian calling himself Juan, and ‘de nacion piro natural del pueblo de Jumanos en el nuebo was one Jumano Mejico.’’ There village, if not more, but this particular one strikes me as being possibly a surname given to Tabira, owing to the latter being situated on the southern declivity of the ‘‘Mesa de los Jumanos.’’ Hodge, F. W., The Language of the Piro, Introduction, Am. Anthrop., vol. ii, note 3, July-September, 1909: ‘‘In the early part of the seventeenth century the Piro, who have been classed as belonging to the Tanoan linguistic family, consisted of two divisions, one inhabiting the Rio Grande valley from the present town of San Marcial, Socorro county, New Mexico, northward to within about fifty miles of Albuquerque, where the Tigua settlements began; the other divis- 1on, sometimes called Tompiros and Salineros, occupying the desert stretches east of the river in the vicinity of the salt lagoons, or salinas, where they bordered the eastern group of Tigua settlements on the south. The western or Rio Grande branch of the Piro was visited in 1540 (1541) by members of the Coronado Expedition, in 1580 by Chamuseado, in 1583 by Espejo (who found them occupying ten villages along the river and in others near by), in 1598 by Ofiate, and in 1621-1630 by Fray Alonzo Benavides, who relates that they were dented in fourteen pueblos along the river. The establishment of missions among the Piro began in 1626. In that year €@ most southerly church and monastery in New Mexico were built at Seneci by Arteaga and Zuftiga (to whom are attributed the planting of the first vines and the manufacture of wine in this region), and during the same year missions at Sevilleta, Socorro, and probably also at Alamillo were founded. It is not eo that the Piro of the Rio Grande, although said to number 6,000 in itt no already seriously harassed by the Apache, for Servilleta had to the burned in consequence of inter-tribal wars prior faa’ oe ag pha missionaries arrived. cy th fe saben and was not re-settled until the Mie 1630 were - ourteen villages along the Rio Grande oceupied by the Piro in ‘This was due not only to the a uced to four half a century later. ia eee Ne molly to gather their flocks into larger pueblos,’ says Banthese Indians were exposed from the Apaches of th af : ee danger to which rest- bands of that and the ‘‘Gila,’’ as the southern _ tribe ie scicas onde arpa by the Piro of the Salinas extended from the pueblo of Abé ae . properly ies . ea Bin to and including the pueblo of Tabira, ran Quivira,’ a distance of about 25 miles. commonly but mm- The habitat of the of the eastern Tigua, which bounded it even more desert in character than that on the north, for the Arroyo de Abé, on which Abé pueblo was situated. is th » 18 the only perennial stream in that region, the inhabitants of Tabira —fin Arrow Heads from Quivira ches. |