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Show 426 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN SPANISH HISTORY the authorities in Mexico of abuses on the part of the governor and the alealdes in making the Indians perform menial services. These complaints were answered by an order from the viceroy against foreing the Indians to work without being paid.*** Several royal orders, in regard to the affairs of New Mexico, were issued about this time, but none of them were of any historic significance.*3?, The Marquis de la Penuela *** retired as governor of JUAN IGNACIO FLORES MOGOLLON Mexico after the expiration New GOVERNOR APPOINTED IS of his term of office, and Don Juan Ignacio Flores Mogollon, who had been commissioned by Felipe V, at Madrid, assumed the office on October 5, 1712, and continued to rule until 1715. His salary, as fixed by the king, was two thousand dollars per annum. He was accused of malfeasance in office, but he was not tried until several years had elapsed. He was relieved of his position by royal order, October 5, 1715. His trial was had at Santa Fé, in 1721, long after he had left the province, and the finding of the court was sent to the viceroy for confirmation, the costs +31 Bandelier, A. F., Investigations in the Southwest, part i, p. 192: ‘« The first great step in this direction was the promulgation of the celebrated ‘New Laws and Ordinances for the Government of the Indies,’ finally in 1543, by which the aborigines were declared direct vassals of established the crown. Stipulations in their favor, as, for instance, enfranchisement from personal servitude and from compulsory labor, became the subject of subsequent modtfications and local changes, but the disposition first announced, that of direct vassalage, remained a fixed dogma in Spanish American law.’’ Ibid, pp. 194-6: ‘‘In New Mexico, there were no mines until after 1725, and compulsory labor on the part of Indians even after that date was limite to service in the missions, and, by abuse of authority, to personal attendance upon higher magistrates. The latter was time and again severely checked, and strong penalties threatened the governor who ventured to infringe the royal The soliclhis assistants. decrees prohibiting personal service to him and to tude of royal officers went so far as to abolish, in 1784, any and all personal services for church matters; a measure that called forth well grounded at effective protests. ’’— Fr. Santiago Fernandes de Sierra, Memorial, Ms. oe Bancroft, H. H., History of Arizona and New Mexico, p. 931; ‘‘The Soldiers had asked for an increase in pay, the friars for reénforcements, Governor Cuervo had reported his great achievements cédulas were routine replies, ordering the viceroy to and in town founding; the investigate and report, but always to look out for the welfare of the northern province. The sum total of information seems to be that there were thirty-four padres in the field, whieh number the viceroy deemed sufficient, though he was authorized by the king 9 ee the missionary force whenever it might be deemed best.’’ me . . Prince, L. B., in his Historical Sketches, p. 224, says that the marquis 2 i was succeeded by the duke of Linares. viceroy of Hn This is impoes ea of Stain ginning of the year 1711 had only assumed the RULE, 1700 TO 1822 427 being adjudged against him. The officer charged with their collection reported that neither the accused nor any of his property could be found. There was a revolt of the Sumas *** Indians the first year of the new governor’s incumbency. This tribe lived in the neighborhood of El Paso, and were very hostile to the Spaniards for a long period. These Indians had been conquered immediately following the Pueblo revolt of 1680. Governor Mogollon sent a force, commanded by Captain Valverde, against them. They were reduced in short order and compelled to settle at the Realito de San Lorenzo. In the following year occurred some trouble with the Indians of Acoma and Laguna, caused by the zealous acts of the fraile in charge of the mission. It was claimed that these Indians had determined to kill the Fr. Delgado, but it was impossible to ascertain the truth or falsity of the report. In the month of October, 1713, a force under the command of Captain Serna, consisting of four hundred men, soldiers and colon‘84 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, part i, pp. 87-8 (note), says: ‘That the They Sumas lived about the Pass of the North at a very early date is certain.name of are mentioned as forming a part of the first mission there, under the ‘Por dumanas, by Fray Garcia de San Francisco, Auto de Fundacion, 1659: indios aver ido, 4 dha custta los Capitanes y ancianos de la gentilidad, de los y Zumanas, 4 suplicarme; les bajase 4 predicar el SS evango de nro Re by At a still earlier date, in 1630, the Sumas are mentioned co Jesuxpto.’ Vetancurt, Cronica de la Provincia del Santo Evanenavides, Memorial, p.7. Zumanas as king de Mewico (edition of 1871, p. 308), speaks of the Zumas and Of their original numbers I have no idea. Thee Somewhat below El Paso. as 1681 early as and 1680 of uprising the after due, became very turbulent Autos que se ysieron sobre clamar los Vesinos de hig signs of trouble. est Several settlements of § emo para Salir 4 Mejorarse de Puesto, 1681, Ms. remained, by the Spaniards around El Paso, but only one San on were formed in 1765 only del Real. In 1744 it had but fifty Indian families,attributes a. their El Paso deck; y-one. Current tradition shoring to the smallpox. among the Mansos of ept It is certain that between 1693 and 1709 severe “Ts prevailed among the Indians at El Paso. against the Mansos the documents forming the acts of the prosecution ladica: 1684 . when the latter, induced by the Sumas, rose against the Spaniards in by the Sumas, Declaracion de Juan d te 18 mention of a ceremony performed ‘Y Mebandole de buelta 4 la Rancheria, les hallo i peg iritu Santo (fol. 21): clauado en medio de ella en el Suelo, ’ ian Juntos en Rueda, y con un euchillo been connected with their customs of war, Sia ceremony appears to have practice, but 1t 1s said that ot the Pueblos I never heard of a similar the A a | of that kind. performance some have ches Th of the Rio Grande, little is positively known regard to the customs of the Sumas general in Sumas, charged to the - Among the many bad habits terms the This herb has a very bad mentioned. reputation use of the Peyote is specially nin the southwest among Indians and Spaniards.’’ cereviciosa,’? and from accounts of their as of y Were known as ‘‘gente mui ‘‘Peyot e’’ were entitled to be known customs after using the that a ‘he Monie |