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Show es ) ‘ fm - sen aol Mi lias = a ee a maps | Bipot - eae | a een " laseneenerttli : ae ne ae 2 “re f ee ea wor Seale adios P 238 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY FRANCISCO under the leadership of one, Pedro de Avila; that these had gone back to Culiacan, leaving the captain, Diego de Alearaz, very ill, with only a few men to guard the town. Alcaraz, owing to the limited number of men at his disposal, was unable to compel the return of the deserters under de Avila. On their way to Culiacan the force under de Avila killed a number of people, and, finally reaching Culiacan, where Hernandarias Saavedra detained them by means of promises, hoping for the arrival of Juan Gallego from New Spain with a force sufficient to take them back to San Hieronimo. After the departure of de Avila and the others, the natives watching their opportunity, early one morning before day, beduss an attack upon the village. So sudden was the assault that the Indians were not seen until they had begun to kill and plunder. In their endeavors to escape from the village, the captain was mortally wounded; afterwards several] Spaniards came back on horseback and attacked the Indians, rescuing a few of their friends who had been taken captive. In this affair three Spaniards were killed, besides many of the Servants and more than twenty horses. The following day, the survivors, not having any horses, started on foot toward Culiacan, keeping away from the hisses and not having any food until they reached Corazones. Thess refugees ey reached Culiacan where they were received by the mayor, pr ms entertained as best he could until the arrival of In the first part of the month of April, 1542, the captain-general and his army began their homeward March to Mexico. Before THE ARMY STARTS ON ITS RETURN TO MEXICO — FR. JUAN DE PADILLA AND OTHERS REMAIN BEHIND pee tial a = perind among Starting he gay liters to een a = natives who were held as servants, permitting them to return to their villages, if they the rest the Franciscan friar named Campo, Eine Pies ee ars saetar es hag tae a Franciscan novice. a half eed. ; ae = ; and t wo Mexican —_ id Indians.?°4 7 etiolinde, elacion, Winship’s translation 14th B. A. E ‘When this rege mative, Winship’s translation, 14th B. a turn had been ordered, the Franciscan Friars who 536 BL p. 592: were with us, VASQUEZ CORONADO 239 According to the historian, Castafieda, Coronado was very happy and contented when the time came for them to start on the journey from Tiguex to Cibola. On this part of the march many of the horses belonging to the army died, the journey being a very severe one and consuming ten days. After the army reached Cibola a long rest was taken before starting across the sandy wilderness between that place and Sonora. Finally the army left, leaving the whole country well disposed and at peace. Several of the Indian allies who had come from Mexico with Coronado remained at the pueblo of Hawaikth.?° The courage and devotion of the two friars, Juan de Padilla 2° one of them a regular and the other a lay brother, who were called, the regular one, Friar Juan de Padilla and the lay one, Friar Luis de Escalona, were told to get ready, although they had permission from their provincial so that they could remain. Friar Luis wished to remain in these flat-roofed houses, saying that he would raise crosses for those villagers with a chizel and adze they left him, and would baptize several poor creatures who could be led, on the point of death, so as to send them to heaven, for which he did not desire any other company than a little slave named Christopher to be his so as to help him; and he brought up so many things in favor of this that he could not be denied, and so nothing more has been heard from him. The knowledge that this friar would remain there was the reason that many Indians from hereabouts stayed there and also two negroes, one of them mine, who was called Sebastian, and the other one Melchior Perez, the son of the licentiate, la Torre. This negro was married and had his wife and children. I also recall that several Indians remained behind in the Quivira region, besides a Tarascan belonging to my company, who was named Andrew. Friar Juan de Padilla preferred to return to Quivira and persuaded them to give him those Indians whom I said we had brought as guides. They gave him these, and he also took a Portuguese and a free, Spanishspeaking Indian, who was the interpreter, and who passed as a Franciscan Friar, and a half-blood and two Indians from Capottan or thereabouts, I believe. He had brought these up and took them in the habits of friars, and he took some sheep and mules and a horse and ornaments and other trifles. I do not know whether it was for the sale of these or for what reason, but it seems that they killed him, and those who did it were the lay servants, or these same Indians whom he took back from Tiguex, in return for the good deeds he had done them. When he was dead, the Portuguese whom I have mentioned fled and also one of the Indians that I said he took in the habits of friars, or both of them, I believe. I mention this because they came back to this country of New Spain by another way and a shorter route than the one of which I have told, and they came out in the valley of Panuco.’’ 255 Castafieda, Relacion, Winship’s translation, p. 536. fii Antonio de Espejo, in the Relacion of his visit to New Mexico in 1582 (Pacheco y Cardenas, Doc. de Ind., vol. xv, p. 180), states that at Zuiii-Cibola, ‘‘hallamos tres indios cristianos que se digeron llamar Andrés de Cuyacan, y Gaspér de Mexico, y Anton de Guadalajara, que digeron haber entrado con Francisco Vasquez, y reformandolos en la lengua mexicana que ya casi al tenian olvidada; destos supimos que habia Ilegado alli el dicho Francisco Vasquez Coronado. ’’ ; ; 256 Davis, W. W. H., Spanish Conquest of New Mexico, p. 231, gives the fol- |