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Show ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF FIRST INHABITANTS 13 ‘‘Pu-yé is one of the most extensive of the ancient ‘Cliff Cities,’ ’’ says Dr. Hewett. ‘‘It occupies an imposing situation on the Pajarito plateau, ten miles west of the village of EsTHE PUEBLO OF PU-YE panola, and thirty miles northwest of Santa Fé.’’ Since 1880 the place has received some attention in the writings of Powell, Bandelier, Lummis, and Hewett. Through widely published photographs its general appearance has been well known for some years, and much has been said concerning its history, based upon surface evidence and Tewa story. But here, as in archeological research all over the world, it is the spade that must be depended upon to lay bare the irrefutable record. ‘‘Tt is not an exaggeration to speak of Pu-yé as a ‘cliff city,’ though it must be understood that the term ‘city’ does not imply anything of civic organization comparable to that of our modern municipalities. Nevertheless, there were, in the social organization that existed here, elements of collective order that characterize the civic group that we designate by the term of ‘city.’ There were closely-regulated community life, definite societary obligation, and in point of numbers tiie population was ample to constitute a modern city. ‘*Geologically Pu-yé is a rock of grayish-yellow tufa, 5,750 feet long, varying in width from 90 to 700 feet. It is a fragment of the great tufaceous blanket that once covered the entire Pajarito plateau to a thickness of from 50 to 1,500 feet. This covering of tufa has been completely dissected by ages of water and wind erosion. In the northern part not over ten per cent of it remains. These fragments plained to them that this was our way of studying the history of the Indian tribes; that we believed that the thoughts and works of their ancestors and of the other peoples with whom they had been in contact constituted a noble record, worthy of being recovered and preserved for all time. Some appeal was made to their sense of gratitude for assistance rendered them in the past in securing from the government a much-needed and justly-deserved extension of their reservation, and a law releasing them from the payment of taxes on their lands, which at one time threatened the extinction of the titles to their homes. Bare reference was made to the fact that under the permit of the Department of the Interior we were acting entirely within our rights in making excavations upon their reservation, for it was desired to rely mostly upon their higher sentiments in the matter. I greatly regret that I am unable to reproduce the speeches of the head-men on this subject. They abounded in incisive and cogent argument which demanded unequivocal and logical answer. On the whole, their contention was on a high plane, and their deliberation marked by much lofty sentiment. It ended in all objection being withdrawn and most cordial relations established, which were afterwards interest in, our work.’’ expressed in a perfectly friendly attitude toward, and |