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Show 398 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN PUEBLO HISTORY at two o’clock in the afternoon, when the Spaniards thought themselves perfectly secure, the enemy suddenly made a furious attack upon the pueblo, having crept up from the west through a narrow pass where the cliffs behind the Potrero and the woods had concealed his approach. The Spaniards flew to arms and finally succeeded in beating off the enemy, with the loss, however, of one of their number and four of the Indians. During the confusion caused by the surprise of the attack more than one-half of the captive girls and boys escaped. This was the principal object of the Indian attack, and seeing that the Spaniards were determined in their resistance, and disheartened by the death of one of their principal leaders, they beat a precipitate retreat.?98 On the 24th De Vargas evacuated the Potrero, taking with him his captives and his corn. Before leaving he set fire to the pueblo,™ together with all the grain which he could not carry, ‘‘in order that the aforesaid rebellious enemy might not find any sustenance in it nor be able to take up his abode without being compelled to re150 of the captives were lost, two soldiers being killed, one of them accidentally, and Adjutant Francisco de Anaya de Almazan was drowned a few days later in crossing the river. The mesa pueblo was burned.’’ 898 Autos de Guerra, fol. 105: ‘‘Tubo el arrojo de dar suviendo por yno angostura en dha messa qe siendo tan ynmediatta fue repentina su entrrada con furioso alaridos y gruesso numero de gentte, qe se diuidieron entrando por los puestos de dhas dos Plazas y los demas de partte de afuera, zercando dho Pueblo y quartteles y aunque fue al parazer q los dos de la tarde la mesma seguridad de la ora tenia 4 la dha gentte desarmada sin sus queras.’’ The leader of the Indians who lost his life was Juan Griego, a mestizo from San Juan. This shows that besides the Queres and those of San Marcos, there were Tehuas and perhaps Jemez in the conflict. Escalante, in his Relacion, p. 160, also describes this affair: ‘* Cayeron €n gran numero y cercaron el pueblo, pusieron 4 los nuestros en gran aprieto y como los nuestros eran tan pocos, atendian y solamente 4 defender las bocas calles del pueblo, y asi tuvieron lugar de huir ciento cincuenta de los pez toneros; lo cual visto por los rebeldes, se retiraron juzgando que ya habian librado 4 todos sus hijos y mugeres.’’ Escalante says that only two of _ Indians were killed. $99 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, p. 177: ‘‘The condition of the ruins resembles that of a pueblo destroyed by fire and there is considerable charred corn to be seen. As in every other instance where I have compared the Span- ish documents with the localities, and with current tales, I have found them to be of — people. accuracy, and in substantial Autos de Guerra, fol. 110: en el hubiere para ge el dho ni mas agreement with the traditions of the ‘‘Y ge pegue fuego 4 dho pueblo y Semillas 4¢ enemigo rreuelde no logre en ella su susttentto hazer assisientto, sin que le queste de nuebo fizio y ejecuttado dho orden gali de dha messa el trabajo de su Teeth” con dho campo.’’ REBELLION AND INDEPENDENCE 399 build.’? The intentions of De Vargas were fully realized, for the Potrero Viejo was never again occupied.* Arriving at Santa Fé, the captain-general devoted his time and attention to the distribution of lands and live stock, also distributing the slaves and posting guards, together with other measures for the protection of the settlers and the Indians who had given in their allegiance and remained friendly to the Spanish occupation. About this time a raid was made upon a grazing camp near Santa Fé, but the Indians were repulsed with loss. De Vargas, in the last days of May, again marched to the mesa of San Ildefonso where he had several fights, made a few captives, regained some animals, and The friendly Queres sent in some Jemez returned to Santa Fé. prisoners, two of whom were not shot, one because he promised to show the Spaniards the grave of a martyred friar and the other because of the intercession of the governor of the Pecos, Juan Gé. De Vargas gave to the friars two hundred sheep for the support of two missions which it was proposed to establish at Pecos and at Cia; he also gave them one hundred sheep for their own sustenance. The capture of the Potrero Viejo, though a striking feat from a military standpoint, did not by any means at once bring the hostile Queres to the Spanish terms. They persisted in their hostile attitude The offensive power, however, of the tribe was for several months. broken and the villages of San Felipe, Santa Ana, and Cia were thereafter relieved of the annoyances to which they had been subjected. Still they continued to remain in arms as allies of the Jemez for some time and it was only in the late fall of 1694, after the Black Mesa of San Ildefonso had yielded to the Spanish soldiers, that Cochiti was re-occupied by its inhabitants. The same happened with As has been said, since the destruction of the Santo Domingo. pueblo on the Potrero Viejo, the latter has ceased to be a place of refuge for the Queres of Cochiti. In 1728 that tribe made an at- Grande and retirtempt at revolt, abandoning its village on the Rio ing into the mountains with hostile intentions, but no extensive part 7 400 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, part 0, 178: (Potrero Viejo) summit are frequently spoken of as Cochiti,’ in the sense of the original home of that tribe. 66 i its - ne gga of the , : ype > that It a pe or this is only partially correct. The oldest ruins on tne. nite trikin wal iee tract attention, are those of a pre-historic Queres pueblo; the s z Se in Served ones are those of a village built after the year 1683 and a April, 1694.’’ |