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Show FRANCISCO march, the Spanish VASQUEZ CORONADO 225 army halted on the banks of a stream which For several] days past the appearance of the country had begun to change; a more exuberant vegetation had made its appearance, and Indian villages were met with whose inhabitants were clothed . There was in the Spanish troop one man specially charged with counting the steps in order to approximate the distances. According to his reckoning, flowed at the bottom of a deep and broad ravine. they were then, at the end of thirty-seven days, two hundre d and fifty leagues or six hundred and seventy-five miles from Bernalillo. But this distance cannot be taken as an air line. Coronado had marched to the north-east for seventeen days, thence, first east, afterwards, slightly south of east. We must also note that no other river has been met with since the crossing of the Canadian, except a small one at the bottom of a deep ravine, and which had been struck a few days previous. nado advanced, Owing to the direction and manner in which Coro- after crossing the Canadian, the only water-course which he could have met at that distance was the Canadian again. The first stream was probably the north fork’ of that river, and the second where the army came to a halt, was the main branch below the junction in the eastern part of the Indian Territory. ‘‘The place was occupied called Teyas. Who or roamed over by a tribe which is these Indians were we cannot attempt to decide. They tattooed themselves either with paint or with incisions. custom would tell in favor of their being Jumanos, This a semi-sedentary Suceso (or ‘more than thirty days’ march, although not long marches,’ according to Jaramillo), reached the river of St. Peter and St. Paul the last of June, 1541. This was the ‘river of Quivira’ of the Relacion del Suceso, the present Arkansas river in Kansas, which was crossed at its southern bend, just east of the present Dodge City. The party continued thence northeast, down stream, and in thirty leagues, or six or seven days’ march, reached the first of the Quivira settlements. This was at or near the present Great Bend, Kansas, before reaching the site of which the Turk was ‘made example of.’ That the inhabitants of Quivira were the Wichita Indians there can be no reasonable doubt. The Quivira people lived in grass or straw lodges, according to the Spaniards, a fact that was true of the Wichitas only of all the northern plains tribes. The habitations of their congeners and northern neighbors, the Pawnee (who may be regarded as the inhabitants of the province of Harahey), were earth lodges. The word acochis, mentioned by Castafieda as the Quivira term for ‘gold,’ is merely the Spanish adaptation of hakwichis, which signifies ‘metal,’ for of gold our Indians knew nothing until after the advent of the white man. After exploring Quivira for twenty-five leagues, Coronado sent ‘captains and men in many There is directions,’ but they failed to find that of which they went in search. no reason to suppose that Coronado’s party went beyond the limits of the present State of Kansas. ’’ Mr. Hodge is undoubtedly correct in his theory as to the route taken by Coronado, as Mr. Bandelier has evidently overlooked the fact that the bridge was built across a river which came down from Cicuyé; this could not be the Canadian; in flood times, the Pecos is as large as the Canadian; seasons the flow of either is about the same in New Mexico. in ordinary |