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Show 342 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY vides quite elaborately describes the manners and customs of the Apaches, and in this respect his repor t is very valuable. Benavides, in his report, gives a classification of the pueblo Indians, which, while far from Satisf actory, considering the information which he must have had as to their names and locations, must be taken as authentic.342 ian ia ; ‘ Piros, or Picos, nation, southernmo Mexico; on both sides of Rio Grande for 15 leagues, from Seneci st of New : the : oe to Sevilleta: 1 ; all baptized; 3 missions, Nra Sra ef and San Luis Obispo Sevilleta, Taos : nation,a 7 leagues nati sr apex é€ calls efthis ee above del Socorro Pir os, 15 at Pilabé, or 16 Sandia and San geovend 9 o wasn Antoni 6 San ee 6,000 Indians, Antonio de Sene/ fe ‘ ‘ —s to say ‘‘Tiguas, ?? 1on ‘‘'Taos’’ which ig clearly an error; he doubtless intended Queres nation, 4 leagues above the Tiguas ( evidently which he calls ‘*Taos,’’ he meant coms in the preceding class mn . : : extending pve ten ] and includin g Santa Ana on iguas’’) the west: 7 ‘pal “ ptized; 3 missions, ade a es . se ndians, all (This San Felipe of the Quer _— es uer¢ m ust not be confounded oe, oo wi by the companions of Chamuseado in 1582 gua coma whi : y _ to die tise their Journey into New Mexico. roar The latter pueblo was ea : é yc igen in 1581, on their ok rae way up the ge m Rio Grande e Piros, probably near San Marcial, at least 160 We the tecn i i Mie miles n Sant Felipe was afte rwards forgotten. le gh The pueblo mi- ach as visited by Casta fio in 1591, and it is Brie possible that > : eh refers to it by that name in 1598, in his Jornadas aon a oy este .) of the Queres was built whe Rhea fois, pueblo in 1607, and he was by Fray Cristobal de buried in the church ; ‘ Minn a ae Me leagues east of the Quer es, extending 15 leag 6 os int pueblos, over 10,000 Indi ues from ans, all of whom were nem baptized; six missi converted and ons, one calle mana ie s)O d San Isidori Numana (pos e sibly); these oe 1j— s (Junear the Saliinas, They actually lived to the Tanos nation, ten le fiv and a mission. (This is the earliest docum there was a church buildin g nat proof that I have been able to find that was built some time between 1598 and. Baa nett Aho that the old church y eagcues w e ° ° 700 Indians, ission church nearly ns abe Spaniards. ae d 1630.) Villa de Santa F6; seven leagues sseur ch at Pecos was complete d while that at Santa n Migu el chapel is of later conthe same time ; was much Toas or Tevas natio n, west of Santa Fé toward the Rio Grand :10 or 12 leagues: 8 e, extending i ] i including San ia Clara; 6,000 Indians; 3 missi ae ze ra ons, a oS (These were Teh uas and, ow Ing to the fact that the first settlement was at THE CONQUEST OF NEW MEXICO 343 No complete list of the governors from 1630 down to the date of the Pueblo revolt has ever been obtained. No complete narrative of the events transpiring during this period GOVERNORS OF NEW _ will ever be secured, unless in the archives of MEXICO— 1640-1680 Spain or Mexico are hereafter found copies of the records which were destroyed by the Indians at the time of the revolt. In the year 1640, Fernando de Arguello was the governor of New Mexico. Following him was Luis de Rosas; he was murdered in 1641 or 1642, and was succeeded by Valdéz, who was followed by Alonzo Pacheco de Heredia.*#* Arguello is named again as governor in 1645. During his administration a conspiracy on the part of the Indians of the Jemez nation San Gabriel, across the river from San Juan, these were the first Indians of New Mexico, after the coming of Ofiate, who were baptized.) Benavides refers to the Indians of Picuriés— Tehuas —as being 10 leagues up the river from San Ildefonso; that there were 2,000 of them, baptized, and the most savage in the province, and often miraculously restrained from killing the frailes. Taos pueblo of same nation as the Picuriés, but differing somewhat in language, was seven leagues north of Picuriés and had 1,500 Indians who had been converted to the Christian faith owing to the fact that an Indian woman who opposed the Christian ideas of marriage had been killed by lightning; here was a mission and two frailes. Acoma pueblo, twelve leagues west of Santa Ana, containing 2,000 Indians and which had been reduced in 1629, at which one friar was located. (This was the second time this pueblo had been ‘‘reduced.’’) Zufi nation, thirty leagues west of Acoma, extending nine or ten leagues, containing eleven or twelve pueblos and ten thousand converted Indians; there were two missions at Zufi. Moqui nation, thirty leagues west of Zufii, containing ten thousand Indians, which Benavides claimed were being rapidly converted. ( They never have been fully converted and are hostile to the priests to this day.) 843 Davis, W. W. H., in his Conquest of New Mezico, gives a list of the governors of the territory, but it is very imperfect. The best authority, in my judgment, although his list is also somewhat misleading, is Mr. Bancroft, History of Arizona and New Mexico, pp. 164 et seq, together with notes, and the text is taken from his work. The list contained in Davis’s Conquest of New Mezico, was originally prepared by David J. Miller, deceased, for many years official translator in the office of the surveyor general of New Mexico. Mr. Miller’s list is found in the official reports of the United States Land Office, for the year 1862, at page 102. Mr. Miller secured most of his information from the Santa Fé Archives. The Miller list places Peralta in 1600-1608 et seq; Arguello, 1640; Concha, 1650; Avila y Pacheco in 1656; Villanuevo, Frecinio, in 1675; and Otermin in 1680-83. Valdéz is named in a royal order. In 1681, Captain Juan Dominguez de Mendoza testified that, being now fifty years of age, he had come at the age of twelve with Governor Pacheco (that is, in 1643). Governor Otermin in 1682 stated that Governor Pacheco punished the murderers of Governor Rosas ; this is soon after 1641-2. |