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Show HISTORY LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN 44 rs for a considerable Chelly, where they occupied the cliff-shelte .”® period, inter-marrying with the Navajo occur is practically congs dwelli cliftthe which The area in traces of town building extensive with that in which are now found The most noteworthy tribes. o Puebl and relics attributable to the the canyons of the in found are ngs dwelli built of of these groups and Montezuma o, McElm Mesa Verde, in Colorado, in Hovenweep, meaning ‘‘ peaceful ones, ’’ 28 Hopi. The word is a contraction of Ho-pi-tu, It is their own name. ’ or Ho-pi-tu Shi-nu-mu, meaning ‘‘ peaceful all people.’ six pueblos on a reserThese Indians speak a Shoshonean dialect, and occupy known by the name of They are popularly vation in northeastern Arizona. The last mentioned appellation means ‘‘dead’’ in the ‘“Moki,’’ or ‘‘Moqui.’’ from cannot be authorilanguage of the Hopi. Where this tribal name comes It is possible that it tatively ascertained, but it is undoubtedly of alien origin. language; Keresan like Motsi in the Cochiti and San Felipe. from the de Ofiate as ‘‘ MoEspejo knew them as ‘‘ Mohace’’ and ‘‘Mohoce’’ and Juan province of Tusayan and hoqui.’’ Bandelier says that the Hopi country is the is the Totonteac of Friar Marcos. came These people were visited by Pedro de Tovar and Fr. Juan de Padilla, under were disorders from Francisco Vasquez Coronado, in 1540. At first the Hopi Spanposed to be hostile to the visitors, but this was finally overcome and the the iards remained Grand Canyon, It was here that Tovar learned of several days with them. Castafieda does not which was afterwards visited by Cardenas. give the several names of the Tusayan towns, and on this account it is not positively known what villages were at that time occupied, outside of Oraibi, Shongopavi, year 1700. Hopi were Mishongnovi, Walpi, and Awatobi. Awatobi was destroyed The present towns are not the ones visited by the Spaniards. visited by Antonio de Espejo in 1583. The Mohoce in the or Mohace, The as he called them, consisted of five large villages. The Indians gave Espejo quantity of ‘‘towels,’’ kilts, for which they have always been celebrated. Juan de Ofiate visited the ‘‘Mohoqui’’ when he was governor of New Mexico and compelled them to take the oath of allegiance and vassalage on the 15th of At this time the villages were called Aguato or Aguatuyba November, 1598. (Awatobi), Gaspe (Gual-pe-Walpi), Comupavi (Shongopavi) Majanani (Mishongnovi), and Ollala or Naybi (Oraibi). They were all destroyed in Missions were established among them in 1629. the rebellion of 1680. Thereafter no attempt was made to establish any missions until 1700, at Awatobi, but the other Hopi, being greatly angered, fell upon the village one night, killing many people and compelling its abandonment. The pueblos of Walpi, Mishongnovi, and Shongopovi, situated in the foothills, were probably abandoned about 1680, and new villages built on the mesas nearby; this was done, doubtless, as a means of defense against the Spaniards, whose At the time of the Te vengeance was a source of great fear to these Indians. to live conquest under De Vargas many of the Indians from other tribes came with the Hopi. Some of these built the Pay-up-ki, on the Middle Mesa, but were taken back and settled in Sandia about the middle of the 18th century. About jo year 1790, Hano was established on the East Mesa, Abiquiu, on the Chama river in New Mexico. a oe near Walpi, by To-wa They were invited by wa and have continued to live and have inter-married with them, although ey have retained their native speech and many of their customs. also, came to live with Hopipi about thisis time; ti th : Rio Grande and settled on the Second Mesa. ee Other Indians, Hey of the Ruins of the Pueblo of Hungo Pavie |