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Show lowed up that stream, as the narrative states, seventeen days, but Cabeza de Vaca, all things being taken into consideration, the lapse of time, the fact that he wrote entirely from memory, is just as apt The writer cannot to be in error as to time as he was as to distance. agree with Dr. Prince on this subject, who carries them as far north as the Rio Puerco or the San José, for in that event they would have passed by the communal houses near San Marcial, visited by the Spaniards in 1580, 1582, and 1598. would the certainly have mentioned reason these houses which were Cabeza de Vaca had he seen them, that he does recite that he was told by the Indians for that further to the north houses of this character of construction could be found, while south of San Marcial, the detached house-type, in ete _ teas eee confluence with the Rio Grande to permit of their traveling a distance of eighty leagues, over plains and mountains, before reaching the Rio Grande and the place where they first saw permanent houses. If Bandelier’s route is correct, then the distance between the Pecos and the Rio Grande is a great deal less than eighty leagues, and if they followed along the left bank of the Rio Grande to a point beyond the mouth of the Concho, they would have had something to eat from the natives other than chacan, which the wanderers found impossible for them to eat. The fact that the pinus edulis —the ‘‘pinones,’’ so exactly described by Cabeza de Vaca, is not to be found below the mouth of the Pecos, in truth not for many miles above its mouth, nor at any point on the Colorado river, where Bandelier would have it appear the survivors crossed that stream, is very persuasive, at least, that the Spaniards must have been in the areas and in the altitudes where that tree is found; this would compel a crossing of the Pecos river far above the point desired by Bandelier in his argument as to the probable route of the wanderers. Their presence in the locality where the pifon grows justifies the conclusion that they were in western Texas in localities far to the north of the Rio Grande at the mouth of the Pecos. It is also possible that the Jumanos Indians may have seen them at points much farther north than Mr. Bandelier wishes to place them. The Jumanos roamed and lived as far north as the present county of Torrance, in New Mexico, at some periods much farther north. After reaching the Rio Grande where the permanent habitations were found, the wanderers fol- cme 121 fe EXPLORERS ee ee i 3 SPANISH lata FIRST o THE |