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Show 358 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN PUEBLO HISTORY Fernando de Velasco of Pecos also received a confession of the plot ernor arrested two Indians from one of his converts.?** who sent by The Spanish alealde at Taos sent word = = _ = bs the from Tehuas the nearby to advise pueblo with 359 of Tesuque, the Tanos and of New Meszxico, 287-335, gives a very satisfactory of Otermin’s Extractos found at Santa Fé. Other authorities are: Niel, Apuntes, 103 et seq. Villagutierre, Hist. Cong. Itza., 204-9. and the other priests of New Mexico, Protesta 4 Don Diego de Vargas, December 18, 1693: ‘‘Dijo 4 su ministro el Padre Fray Fernando de Velasco; padre la gente se alza para matar 4 todos los Espafioles, y religiosos; y asi, mira 4 donde quieres irte, que yo te daré mozetones para librarte, como de hecho lo hizo.’’ This Indian who warned and attempted to save the priest was Juan Gé, afterwards Gobernador of Pecos in 1694, and murdered by the Taos Indians for his fidelity to the Spaniards. It seems that Fr. Velasco fled to Galisteo right into the jaws of death. Vetancurt, in his Cronica, p. 323, says that there was a handsome temple at Galisteo at the time of the revolt. Galisteo pueblo was a very important place at this time (1680). There were over one thousand native inhabitants. When the Spaniards had been expelled the inhabitants removed to Santa Fé, and were in turn driven out by De Vargas at the time of the re-conquest. In 1706 Governor Cubero established the pueblo again and gave it the name Nuestra Sefiora de los Remedios de Galisteo. It remained a very considerable Indian village until the latter part of the eighteenth century, when the Tanos, decimated by the hostilities of the Comanches and by small pox, removed to Santo Domingo, where their descendants narrative, taken from a copy Arch. N. Mex., 129. } been INDEPENDENCE Queres. Cavo, Tres Siglos, ii, 57-60. Villasefior, Teatro, ii, 419. Mange, Hist. Primeria, 227-8. U had AND to Otermin at Santa Fé of the designs of the Indians and the gov- Davila, Mem. Hist., pt. ii, 1-2. = REBELLION Arlegui, Cron. Zach., 249-50. Davis, El Gringo, 75-80. Prince, Hist. Sketches, 190-205. Historical Society of New Mexico, The Franciscan Martyrs of 1680, bul. number 7. This is the funeral oration over the twenty-one Franciscan missionaries, killed by the Pueblo Indians, and was preached by Doctor Ysidro Sarifiana y Cuenca, March 20, 1681. The list which it contains of those Christian martyrs is undoubtedly correct, as it comes from their brethren of the Order of St. Francis; and the statements of the sermon set at rest any doubts that existed as to the cause of the uprising, and show that it was principally religious. The memorial service was held in the cathedral of the City of Mexico in the presence of the viceroy of New Spain and other high officials. The sermon was published during the same year, with a preliminary address to the king by Francisco de Ayeta, Franciscan visitador of the custodia of New Mexico, and other documents of an introductory character. 368 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, p. 101 et seq., says: ‘‘ When the Indian outbreak took place on the 10th of August, 1680, the Father Custodian of New Mexico, Fray Juan Bernal, resided at Galisteo, and he was one of the first priests killed by the Indians. With him perished Fray Juan Domingo de Vera; and in sight of the pueblo the Indians murdered Fray Manuel Tinoco, the priest of San Marcos, and Fray Fernando de Velasco, the missionary of Pecos. Both were coming to Galisteo from opposite directions to inform their superior of the designs of the natives. Several Spaniards also suffered death; as Galisteo was an ‘Alcaldia Mayor,’ of one of the several judicial districts into which New Mexico was divided, and although strictly an Indian pueblo, the lieutenant of the ‘Alcalde Mayor,’ Juan de Leyba, resided there with his family and a few other Spanish colonists.’’ These were all killed. See Diario del Sitio, fol. 22, where we find: ‘‘El Teniente de Alealde Mayor Juan de Leiba, el capitan José Nieto, Nicolas de Levba, y 4 todas las mugeres, y nifios de sus familias.’’ Details of this massacre are to be found in the Diario de la Retirada, fol. 33. Otermin says: ‘‘Que se han alzado las Indios Tanos, y Pecos, Cienega y San Marcos, los cuales se dice haber muerto al R. P. Custodio F. Huan Bernal, y 4 los Padres predicadores Fr. Fernando de Velasco, Fr. Manuel Tinoco, y Fr. Domingo de Vera con el Teniente de Alcalde Mayor Juan de Leyva.’’ In the Diario de la Retirada, fol. 323, it appears from the declaration of a Tanos Indian who was captured near San Marcos during the retreat to El Paso, that: ‘‘Hizo que habian muerto en el dicho pueblo de Galisteo 4 los padres al Padre Custodio, al Pe. Fr. Domingo de Vera, y en el campo 4 las vista del pueblo Marcos. That to save 4 los Padres Fr. Manuel Tinoco, ministros guardianes de Pecos, y 8. ’’ 5 Fr. Velasco had been warned by one of the Pecos Indians, who offered his life, is told as follows by the Custodian Fr. Salvador de San Antonio, Immediately upon receipt of the news from Taos Governor still live, preserving the language of their ancestors and in part their tribal autonomy. The ruins of the pueblo of Galisteo are a lot of low, red mounds, with walls protruding here and there. The site of the church and convent has not been determined upon, but undoubtedly they were outside the pueblo proper. It is possible that the church was built as early as 1617. Inasmuch as the Indians of San Lazaro and San Cristobal were among the very first to carry fire, sword and death to the friars and Spaniards, a descrip- tion of the ruins of these two pueblos, fast completely disappearing, will not be out of place here. The Indian name for San Cristobal was Yam-p’ham-ba. The pueblo was east of Galisteo, on the borders of the basin in a very picturesque valley, surrounded with woods and having permanent water supply. At the time of the outbreak in 1680, it was a visita dependent upon the ehurch at Galisteo, and in 1680 it had eight hundred inhabitants, according to Vetancurt. When the Spaniards had been driven out, the Indians of San Cristobal settled in the vicinity of San Juan de los Caballeros, south of the present pueblo of that name. The cause for their going to that locality is believed to have been the active hostility of the Pecos Indians, who at that time were a powerful and warlike nation. Escalante, in his Carta al Padre Morfi, par. 7, says: ‘“Los Queres, Taos y Pecos, peleaban contra los Tehuas y Tanos.’’ And in the Relacion Anonima, p. 127, it appears that: ‘‘Los Tanos, que cuando de sublevaron vivian en San Cristobal y en San Lazaro, dos pueblos situados en la parte austral de la villa de Santa Fé despues por las hostilidades de los Apaches y de ecos y Queres se trasladaron y fundaron con los mismos nombres dos pueblos, tres leouas largas de San Juan.’’ Of those who went to the neighborhood of San Juan, most of their deScendants are now among the Moquis. The pueblo of San Cristobal was on one side of an arroyo which still bears that name. On the other side of this arroyo are also some ruins. The pueblo Proper was built of stone, and the walls were about a foot in thickness, many of which are still standing. The church at San Cristobal was only a chapel, and some years since a part of the walls was still standing. The pueblo re- |