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Show 204 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY FRANCISCO an Indian from a far-distant province, toward the east, whom they called the “‘Turk,’’ because of his great resemblance to the people of that nation. He gave a most glowing account of the famous cities to be found in the country whence he came and of the abundance of gold and silver to be found there. His story so interested Alvarado that he felt but little interest in completing his expedition into the country where the buffalo abounded. However, taking this Indian for a guide, he continued his march until he obtained a view of the buffaloes, and then quickly hastened back to report to Coronado the result of his explorations. The messenger despatched by Alvarado from Tiguex 718 reached go through those behind them. The village is enclosed by a low wall There 1s a spring of water mside, which they are able to divert. The this village boast that no one has been able to conquer them and conquer whatever villages they wish. The people and their customs are of the other villages. of stone. people of that they like those Their virgins also go nude until they take husbands, be- ee reek that if they do anything wrong then it will be seen, and so they ent They do not need to be ashamed because they go around as they _ #18 Castafieda’s account of the province of Tiguex is very complete an interesting; he says: ‘‘The province of Sipe contains ia aa ah uated on the bank of a great river; it is a valley about two leagues broad and bounded on the east by very high mountains covered with snow. Four villages are built at the foot of these mountains and three others on the heights. ; _ “There are seven villages 7 leagues to the north, at Quirix, and the seven villages of the province of Hemes are 40 leagues northwest. It is 40 leagues north or east of Acha (Picuris) and 4 leagues southeast to Tutahaco, a province with eight villages. In general, these villages all have the same habits and oe although some have some things in particular which the others have se Pied are governed by the opinions of the elders. They all work together oem — villages, the women being engaged in making the mixture and the hi . whi a the men bring the wood and put it in place. They have no lime, = 9 i ar — : be ee a Te ia > _— — = a mixture of ashes, coals and dirt which is almost as good as the house 1s to have four stories, they do not make the walls 9 yard thick. They gather a great pile of twigs of thyme and el set it afire, and when it is half coals and ashes they throw a irae water on it and mix it all together. They make round which they use instead of stones after they are dry, fixing them mixture, which comes to be like a stiff clay. Before they are a. thd 4 men serve the whole village in general, and fetch the wood Witleihn mons or use, putting it in a pile in the court-yard of the villages, from eee ee carry it to their houses. The young men live in the estufas, aicnen a yards of the villages. _ They are underground, square or round, a - ars. Some were seen with twelve pillars and with four in the sce hon eh — men could stretch around. They usually had three or a i oor was made of large, smooth stones, like the baths which bet of. e-shinein ae They have a hearth heath ood ne which they burn a handful ae ground. ey Some can stay thet win there just as in a were seen were large made like the binnacle or compass of thyme at a time to keep up the bath d The e t top was on a level wi ith enough for a game of ball. When Coronado in safety and the VASQUEZ CORONADO captain-general was so much 205 pleased with the account given by him CORONADO DETERMINES TO WINTER of the place that he at once deHIS ARMY AT TIGUEX termined to winter the army there. He immediately sent Garcia Lopez de Cardenas thither to prepare quarters for the troops. When Cardenas arrived at Tiguex, he turned all the inhabitants out of their houses so that they could be used as quarters for the soldiers. They were not allowed to carry anything away with them but their clothing and were obliged to find shelter in the adjoining villages. This action on the part of the Spanish captain greatly incensed the Indians, who now became very hostile. In the meantime the army under Arellano, leaving Sonora in the latter part of October, had reached Cibola, joining Coronado at the pueblo of Hawaikth. Having deterTHE ARMY UNDER ARELLANO mined to visit another province of eight villages of which he had heard REACHES CIBOLA before going to Tiguex, with thirty of his best men, the captain-general started upon his journey, leaving instructions with Arellano to follow with the army in twenty On this journey they saw snow-covered mountains, toward days. After a march of eight days, which they went in search of water. the command reached Tutahaco,?!® where they learned there were The man who covers herself with it and becomes his wife. The ho uses belong to the women, the If a man repudiates his woman, he has to go to the estufa. estufas to the men. estufas or to enter these for any purthe in sleep to It is forbidden for women The men spin to eat. pose except to give their husbands or sons something The The women bring up the children and prepare the food. and weave. the ee ground the up country is so fertile that they do not have to break a fall the by covered presently is which seed, the sow round, but only have to In one year they gather enoug snow, and the ears come up under the snow. — and There are a great many native fowl in these provinces, for seven. When dead, these keep for sixty days, a (turkeys) with great hanging chins. ba any longer in winter, without losing their feathers or opening, and without ; smell and the same is true of dead men.’’ 3 sles, ee 219 In all probability this was a village or group of villages an Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, part 11, pp. 234, — the Rio Grande. e says eel location of note, says this point on the Rio Grande was the Tigua ahaa that Castafieda may have mistaken the name, which sounds like the e % as error in are Messrs. Davis and Prince for the pueblo of Acoma. = Toa route taken either by Alvarado or Coronado in their marches to 0 0 9 croft says that Tutahaco was in the neighborhood of the present Prince and Davis thought that Tutahaco was a Isleta, probably farther south. any man wishes to marry it has to be arranged by those who govern. has to spin and weave a blanket and place it before the woman, |