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Show LEADING 40 hee AR B yo ra EM ad to. od . ae “ “+ + *4 OF NEW HISTORY MEXICAN The pottery found in a vast majority of the ancient ruins, and in the burial places adjacent thereto, in form and color, is similar to Vast numthe pottery now made by the Pueblos and the Moquis. evidence yielded have part, in excavated when ruins, these of bers that most of them have been destroyed since the Spanish conquest. Remains of sheep have been found which do not belong to the Moreover, the American fauna anterior to the Columbian period. Indians have preserved traditions, some of which are corroborated by documentary proof, of their ancestors having been driven away from these places, and there is abundant proof, indisputable in kind, that during the Spanish occupancy many pueblos were rebuilt, numbers were moved, and large numbers died out entirely. There is evidence of a greater water supply than that of today once existing in the region of some of the ruins, which having failed, the pueblos became uninhabitable and were deserted for newly made > ree) FACTS Nin habitations.”* are predominantly 50% to 75% brachycephalie or short-headed people, while the oe ancient people of the cliffs, as shown by the examination of a large collection of skeletal remains excavated by the writer at five different sites on the Pajarito plateau, were practically 100% dolicocephalic, or long-headed. The noticeable proportion of the long-headed people found among the present Pueblo Indians probably represents an infusion of blood from the ancient cliff-dwelling tribes. ’ —Antiquities of the Jemez Plateau, p. 138. _ In my judgment Dr. Hewett is justified in his conclusions insofar as his investigations go; the ‘‘skeletal remains’’ from which he has produced his strongest proof were taken from burial places on the Pajarito plateau. Similar remains taken from cliff-houses of the Rio Mancos did not show a long-headed people. Similar remains taken excavations having been anterior to the coming acteristic as those taken erel in the Rio Manecos, from burial places at Pecos (Cieuyé), the made in places that were certainly used for burial places of the Spaniards, discover the same anatomical charfrom the Rio Mancos. The pottery collected by Wethwhile much better than some taken from graves in the San Juan drainage, bore a marked similarity to the latter. 24 Bandelier, Adolph F., Final Report, part i, p. 32: ‘‘The topography of the country has thus, to a degree, determined the sites of establishments. The Indian looks to a few leading features to decide his settlement, apart from the indications given by superstition. He wants, first of all, water. Then he rebmn a limited amount of fertile soil. If that soil cannot be irrigated, he - a upon rain and snow, for corn will always grow where it rains moderately. urthermore, he seeks a location where he may feel reasonably safe from an eric - Judging of defensible locations, we cannot apply to them the prin- : » peg eae dani aaa : 28 ieee - ick eae : Oi xposing warfare. constructed ese oie rir Pi A treeless level is often as good a protection to an of heavy adobes, against an armed foe equipped arrows, aS an extensive uncommandable slope is against the Retreats, concealed nooks were as valuable to the Indian rocks. Communities could afford to retire into caves, on rocky e access to water was difficult in the day-time, without thereby themselves to more than usual danger, for it is only of late that the Masonry of Pueblo Bonito |