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Show 380 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY PUEBLO many of the Indians were burned to death in the flames which destroyed a portion of the pueblo rather than submit to captivity at the hands of the Spaniards. The following year, in 1690, Cruzate made preparations for another expedition to the north, but his plans were interrupted owing to a revolt of the Sumas, a tribe of Indians living near the presidio of El Paso, which demanded all his attention. The success which had crowned the last martial efforts of Governor Cruzate in his conflicts with the apostate tribes was not known to his royal master until after he had named RECONQUEST BY DON DIEGO as his successor Don Diego de Vargas DE VARGAS— 1692-1700 Zapata Lujan Ponce de Leon. When the reports from the viceroy reached the king relative to the deeds of Cruzate in the north, in July, 1691, he immediately instructed the viceroy that if De Vargas had not taken possession of the office, or if he was not ruling successfully, to give him another good office and retain Cruzate in his governorship. De Vargas, however, had already begun to discharge the duties of his office, and Cruzate, a few years later was made governor of Sonora. De Vargas was a man of decided energy and pronounced decision of character. flames; 10 were captured When and he arrived sentenced to at El Paso, 10 years in he was the mines greatly of Nueva Viscaya.—Santa Fé Archives, Ms. This was done by Reneros de Posada. _ Escalante, Carta, 123, says that Reneros de Posada made his entrada to Cia in ’88, nothing being accomplished except the taking of a few horses and cattle. In the year 1695, Reneros de Posada was alguacil quisition in the City of Mexico.—Santa Fé Archives, Ms. mayor of the in- There are some differences in the records as to the date of the battle of Cia, as fought by Cruzate. Davis and others give the date as 1688, and in the Santa Fé Archives are found papers which confirm this year. Escalante says it occurred in 1689. The viceroy reported the entrada to the king in 1690, after Vargas had been appointed governor, and the royal cedulas of July 16 and 21, 1691, express thanks and permit the enslavement not their children or any Indian under 14 years of of the captives but age. In the U. 8. Land Office Reports of 1856, p. 307-26, is printed a series of These are regarded as the original titles to the pueblo lands of several of the pueblo tribes. The papers are dated September 20-5, 1689. Each documents from the Santa Fé Archives, with translations. one consists of the formal statement under oath of Bartolomé Ojeda, one of the Indians captured at Cia, and who a taken a prominent part in the battle, to the effect that the natives of Jemez, Juan, Picuriés, San Felipe, Pecos, Cochiti, and Santo Domingo were so terried by the event of ‘‘last year,’’ that is, the defeat at Cia, that they would not revolt again or refuse to render allegiance. The governor then assigns the boundaries, . = deed ar if Square leagues, measuring from the church, but sometimes by REBELLION AND INDEPENDENCE 381 disappointed at the size of the army he could muster for his campaign against the Indians in the north. Three hundred armed men, including Indians, were all that he could muster, and yet he determined upon an immediate prosecution of his entrada. His plans, however, could not be carried out with the rapidity with which he had hoped, owing to the trouble with the Sumas *** and other tribes living in the vicinity of El Paso, and it was not until the 21st day of August, 1692, that he set out for the north. Having settled the disturbances caused by the Sumas and Mansos Indians, De Vargas was very impatient to begin his march, and he set out upon his journey without waiting for the arrival of a force of fifty men from Parral, who had been ordered to his command by the viceroy. His entire force of armed men, in all probability, did not exceed two hundred, including Indian auxiliaries. The army was accompanied by the friars Francisco Corvera, Miguel Mufiiz, and Cristobal Alonzo Barrosco. De Vargas marched rapidly up the valley of the Rio Grande, passing all of the pueblos and finding nearly all of them in ruins. He stopped only for necessary rest and sleep, as he had determined to take the enemy by surprise and crush him before any defense could be made, and on the 9th of September all of the army and baggage was left at the Hacienda de Mejia with a guard of fourteen Spaniards and fifty Indians, under the command of Captain Rafael Tellez. De Vargas passed by Santo Domingo and Cochiti, both of which pueblos he found abandoned, and in the early morning of the 13th of September the army appeared before Santa Fé, surrounding the town and cutting off both the water supply and all communication with the outside. The Tanos, who had come to Santa Fé from Galisteo after the evacuation by Otermin, had fortified the 886 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, part i, p. 87 et seq.: ‘‘ Geographically the Sumas appear to have been divided into two branches, one part of them hovering about the environs of El Paso, the other in possession of the fertile valley in which the ruins of Casas Grandes are situated.’’ ; Ribas, Historia de los Triumphos, lib. vi, cap. i, p. 359, says: ‘‘La nacion de los Batucos, caminando al Norte, tiene tambien por confinantes muchas Naciones de Gentiles amigos Cumupas, Buasdapas, Bapispes; y declinando al Oriente, 4 This historian wrote in 1645, and, as appears from the citation, los Sumas.’’ pg were then living in the northwestern part of the present state of 1huahua. They lived little Lorenzo el Real. as early as 1630. better than the Apaches — Estado de la Mision de San The Sumas are mentioned by Benavides in his Memorial, p. 7, |