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Show LEADING 466 FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY SPANISH from Pike that it was his intention to descend the river to NachiTen days more having elapsed, a force of doches, and rode away. fifty dragoons and fifty militia, under Lieutenants Ignacio Saltelo and Bartolomé Fernandez, arrived who informed Pike that he was not on Red river but on the Rio del Norte; whereupon Pike at once lowered his flag. The Spaniards were most courteous and kind and Presently the offisupplied the explorers with food and blankets. cers notified Pike ¢®° that he must go to Santa Fé, and on the 27th of February they started, leaving a portion of the Spanish force behind to bring in the eight explorers left on the Arkansas and who had not as yet reached the fort. The route from Pike’s stockade seems to have been across the mountains to the Chama river, and down that stream past the Ojo The people were uniformly ** courtCaliente *°* and San Juan. eous and kind, but were much surprised at the wearing apparel of 495 The VW aaa. ae 27. & ao: me am tt nh as rr 5 3 i ie | ys Wemngeree - ” Lieutenant Saltelo, after having bk and we have: guides and the routes of the tra nr ne * oa ‘‘No, sir, oe the Rio del Norte.’’ Saltelo added that ‘‘he had provided one bani peas and horses to take in my party and baggage, and stated how anxious bi - of leney was to see me at Santa Fé.’’ Pike then stated to him the : ep” his sergeant, the situation of the rest of his party and that his own spl socal not permit or justify his entering the Spanish territories ; but t « _ ie urged still further until Pike began to feel himself a little heate on argument’’ and told him that he would not go until the arrival of ae mies: with the remainder of his party. The mildness of the Spaniard in eat? de as he says, ‘‘to tell him that he would march, but must leave two me me a = ae Eg i a nical ns pe | aaa f # officer, : ‘‘What,’’ interrupted Pike, ‘‘is not this the Red river?’’ } Le is eight days’ journey; conduct us.’’ i py} ae a. commanding with Pike, addressed him as follows: ‘‘Sir, the governor of New — ps informed that you had missed your route, ordered me to offer you in * c “ mules, horses, money, or whatever you may stand in need of, to condue ra :, the head of Red river; as from Santa Fé, to where it is sometimes ae to meet the never do so 496 Pike situated on presents to wall. aan sergeant and party to ae him as to coming I, as without a fight, unless ordered. ; . ee gives a Pothole of the village of Ojo Caliente which he the eastern branch of a creek of that name; and a ene the the eye a square enclosure of mud walls, the houses for sms ae ‘‘They are flat on the top, or with extremely little ascent on 497 Major Pike says: ‘‘We were frequently stopped on our ee cshe women, who invited us into their houses to eat, and in every a oor lads halted a moment, there was a contest who should be our hosts. epi their who had been frozen were conducted home by old men, who woul iy night give daughters to dress their feet, provide their victuals and drink, and at nig them the best bed in the house. The whole of their‘ conduct trot toto aemy recollection the hospitality of the ancient patriarchs, and aries oy sansa with regret at the corruption of that noble principle by the pot ages.’’ ; aturalWhile stopping at San Juan, Pike met a priest, who was a ‘rgreey = the Americans. RULE, Baptiste La Lande 1700 TO 1822 467 and another Frenchman tried to gain the confidence of Pike, but the latter regarded them as spies. The party arrived at Santa Fé on the 3rd of March. Upon the arrival of the party at the capital they were taken before Governor Alencastre, who informed Major Pike that he and his men must appear before General Salcedo at Chihuahua. Pike denied that Dr. Robinson was a member of his party and atwhere there are spouts to carry off the water of the melting snow and rain when it falls. . . From this village the Ietans drove off two thousand horses at one time, when at war with the Spaniards. I was shown the ruins of several old villages, which had been taken and destroyed by the Ietans.’’ This stream is permanent, running through a valley not over half a mile in breadth, and watering a long, narrow strip of irrigable land. Major Pike speaks of several old villages pointed out to him ‘which had been taken and destroyed by the ‘Ietans.’ These ruins were those of villages destroyed by the Utes in 1747, or they were the ruins of three large communal dwellings which lie on the banks of this stream. The names of the pueblos were, in the Tehua language, Houiri, Ho-mayo, and Pose-uinggee. They were the largest pueblos, in their time, of any in New Mexico or Arizona. Large jars filled with meal, and skeletons have been unearthed from these ruins within the In the ruin of Pose-uingge, in every room that has been excapast fifty years. They were in every imaginable posture, vated, human skeletons have been found. and with the skulls fractured or crushed.’’ Major Pike uses the word ‘‘Ietans,’’ evidently naming them as a particular Mr. Mooney, in 17th Report, B. A. E., 167, 1898, explains nation of Indians. ‘‘The Ute of the mountain region He says: the true application of this word. at the headwaters of the Platte and the Arkansaw, being a powerful and aggressive tribe, were well known to all the Indians of the plains, who usually called them by some form of their proper name, Yitawdts, or, in its root form, Yuta, Among the Kiowa the name becomes whence we get Eutaw, Utah, and Ute. Iaté (-go), while the Siouan tribes seem to have nasalized it so that the early By prefixing the French French traders wrote it as Ayutan, Iatan, or Ietan. article it became L’Iatan, and afterward Aliatan, while by misreading of the Moreover, as the manuscript word we get Jatan, Jetan and finally Tetau. early traders and explorers knew but little of the mountain tribes, they frequently confounded those of the same generic stock, so that almost any of these forms may mean Shoshoni, Ute, or Comanche, according to the general context of the description. ’ ist.’? Pike secured the esteem of this worthy father, who, on being informed that Pike had with him some astronomical instruments, expressed a desire to see them; all that Pike had was a sextant and a large glass which magnified considerably, calculated for the day or night, the remainder of his See an being with Sergeant Meek. the effect Surprised, fact that botanist, s ae On an examination of the sextant, and an of it, in the reflection of the sun, the worthy father Ae polio Tee as did also hundreds who were present. Pike was impressed with the a man who appeared a perfect master of the ancient NEIAE a mineralogist, and chemist, should be so ignorant of the Dans é Ee = flection, and the first principles of mathematics; but the father explaine enigma by informing Pike of the care of the Spanish government - eee any branch of science being made a pursuit, which would have a wan oe extend the views of the subjects of the provinces to the geography 0: 1g " e |