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Show 442 fought LEADING with the FACTS OF NEW Comanches and some MEXICAN allied Utes a short distance beyond the town of Abiquii, in which, according to the record, one hundred and seven Indians were slain, two hundred and six captured, with nearly one thousand horses.*** Governor Cachupin, also, marched against the Comanches in 1751, and in a fierce engagement succeeded in killing one hundred and one and capturing forty-four. This battle brought forth a letter of strong commendation from the viceroy, who reported the facts to the king.** investigation and report of Fr. Trigo are found under title Inférme sobre las Misiones de la Cebolleta y Encinal y sus acaecimientos en este Afio de 1750, Ms. Fr, Carlos Delgado, in his report, Informe que hizo el R. P. G N. R. P. Jimeno sobre las execrables hostilidades y tiranids de los gobernadores y als caldes mayores contra los indios en consternacion de la custodio, ano de 1750, Ms., found in N. Mex. Doc., 99-128, dated March 27, 1750, from Tlatelcolco, Mexico, gives voice to the beliefs of the members of his order as to the conduct of the civil and military authorities at this time. He says: ‘‘The alcaldes are creatures of the governor, appointed on condition of making all they can and dividing with the governor. From each pueblo they take a squad of 30 or 40 Indians to do all their work of tilling the soil, making adobes and buildings : others are employed to trade with gentiles and drive live-stock to Chihuahua, none receiving other pay than an occasional handful of tobacco or glass beads. Those left at the pueblos have to weave each year mantas and 400 sdbanas, besides tilling their own comes they are forced to transport nearly all their it on credit, the payment of worthless trinkets tarde, mal, y nunca. The Indian women are used for their oppressors 400 milpas. When harvest time maize to the villas and sell being in three instalments, for the gratification of lust. Once, in the padre’s presence, a woman came to upbraid the governor for taking ve her daughter, whereupon he gave her a buffalo-skin to make it all right. In his visits to the slight disobedience is punished by the stocks and flogging. gentiles the padre has found apostates generally covered with scars and ore to be Christians again at such cost. On an unsupported charge of stealing ears of corn an Indian was shot by orders of a captain. On a march ae Indians who were footsore and could not keep up were killed and their childre sold as slaves for the commander’s profit. ’’ 463 It seems rather remarkable that within three months after this fight, 28 reported, and within a very short time after some of the Utes who had ne captured had been tried and shot at Santa Fé, this governor should have ag 600 Comanches at Taos, on their assurance that they had taken no part in ie war. Later on a junta was held at Santa Fé to determine whether the ea manches should be permitted to attend the fairs at Taos. See Codallos y Banal, Testimonio 4 la letra sobre Comanches, 1748, Ms., Arch Sta. Fé. a 464 Arch. Sta. Fé, Ms. This engagement followed a raid upon the cote of Galisteo. Cachupin led a force of 164 men and lost but one in the en Forty of the captives were released with the women and children, but 4 me by as hostages for the return of prisoners who had been taken at previous raids these hostiles. : 4 ie Mr. Bancroft, p. 256, History of Arizona and New Mexico, thinks it inane well, however, to bear in mind, that according to the friars, who were - aan larly bitter against Cachupin, the governor’s reports had often no foun in fact.’’ SPANISH HISTORY RULE, 1700 TO 1822 443 It is easily seen that little was accomplished by the Spaniards during the first half of the eighteenth century. There was almost constant warfare between them and the Comanches, Utes, and other tribes of the plains. There were controversies between the secular priesthood and the mendicant order of Franciscans. The province was visited three times by the bishop of Durango, but in almost any aspect the period may be deemed to have been unprogressive. There were political and official quarrels; there were prosecutions which failed of their purpose. The missions did not thrive. A constant source of trouble was the question of the conversion of the Moquis. There were many Indian campaigns, resulting, according to reports, in most instances, favorable to the Spanish arms, but Idolatrous worship was not the plains tribes were not subdued. abandoned by the Pueblos; it was concealed. The Indians, according to the friars, were constantly abused and harshly treated by the Spanish authorities. Statisties and general information relative to the condition of the province has been preserved to us by historians of the period.*®® The population at this time, according to Bonilla, was, Spaniards, 3,779, Christian Indians, 12,142, and about 1,400 Spaniards and the same number of Indians at El Paso. The city of Santa Fé contained a population of 965 Spaniards and 570 Indians; Santa Cruz de la Cafiada, 1,205 Spaniards and 580 Indians, including the mission and the adjacent ranchos. town The of Albur- querque, with its suburb of Atrisco and mission, had a population of 500 Spaniards and 200 Indians.*® 465 Menchero, Juan Miguel, Declaracion, Bonilla, Apuntes, Ms., 376-81. Villasefior, Teatro, ii, 409-23. 1744, in N. Mex. Doc., Ms., 704-73. : _ 466 Bancroft, H. H., in a note, p. 252-253, History of Arizona and New Mex‘co, gives a comparative resume of the statistics of the period as taken by him from Menchero, Bonilla and Villasefior, stating that what appears in brackets 1s from Bonilla; in parentheses from Menchero; the rest chiefly from Villasefior, as follows: “Santa Fé, villa [965 Span., 570 Ind.], 300 (127) Span. fam. and a few Ind. under a curate (2 PP., M.). Sta Cruz de la Cafiada, villa [1,205 Span., 580 Ind., including mission and ranchos], 260 (100) fam.; 1 padre; new church Alburquerque, villa, with suburb of Atrisco and mission being built in 744, Concepcion, or Fuenclara, Span. [500 Span., 200 Ind.], 100 fam., 1 padre. M. calls it Gracia Real or lat Settlement of 50 Fam., under padre of Isleta. Canad4, from the Canadians who settled here in ’40; not mentioned by B. ; The following ranchos are named by ie was probably the Tomé of ’39. Rosa their pop. being included in B.’s figures; Chama, 17 fam., and Sta. padre of San Ildefonso; Ojo Caliente, 46 fam., and 4 Abiquit, 20 fam., under other ranchos 10 fam., aie padre of Taos; Soledad, 40 fam., under padre of |
