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Show meen LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY PUEBLO aoc sete “ OE pact : a = September a council was held and it was determined not to return to Santa Fé but to proceed south to San Lorenzo, about six miles OO LEE LAE IE “= 366 he again wrote to the viceroy, saying that relief and succor had reached Otermin; in this letter he gives the names and short biographies of the murdered friars. Otermin, Eztractos, ete. 1183-4: On the 22nd day of September the governor was able to cross the Rio Grande, having been prevented until that time by a great flood. N. Mex. Docs., Ms., 541-58: Fr. Ayeta, writing to the comisario-general on December 20th, relates that at that time the army was encamped in three divisions on the Rio Grande; first, the governor, cabildo and five frailes at San Lorenzo; second, the camp of San Pedro de Alcantara with four friars, and third, the camp of Sacramento, under Fr. Alvaro Zavaleta as prelate. He states that the remainder of the friars are at the convent of Guadalupe, with Fr. Hurtado as custodio. Bancroft, H. H., History of Arizona and New Mexico, note p. 182, has assembled a number of the legendary tales and traditions relative to the murder of the friars, none of which stories is mentioned by Escalante, and as to which I have found nothing in the testimony taken subsequent to the revolt, but these traditions may possibly have some foundation in fact, notwithstanding there is no documentary proof of the alleged occurrences. He says that it is related that the friar Jesus Morador of Jemez was taken from bed, bound naked on the back of a hog, and thus with blows and yells paraded through the pueblo, being afterwards himself ridden and spurred until death relieved his torture. Gregg in his Commerce of the Prairies, tells the same tale, but the padre belonged to the convento of Cia. Now the truth of the killing of the friar at Jemez is told by Vetancurt in his Cronica, p. 319. The friars at Jemez were Fr. Juan de Jesus and Fr. Francisco Mufioz. The former was probably one of the very first to meet death. He was killed at Ginseua or San Diego de Jemez, very close to the Hot Springs, and was buried close to the wall of a kiva in the first square of the pueblo. The other missionary, Fr. Francisco Mufioz, with the Alcalde Mayor, Luis Granillo, and three soldiers, succeeded in escaping in the direction of Cia, hotly pursued by the savages. They were rescued by the Lieutenant-General Alonzo Garcia. Vetancurt says: ‘‘ Aqui, con sentimiento de muchos del pueblo que defendian 4 su ministro, que veneraban por padre y lo procuraron defender, sacaron 4 la plaza al reverendo Padre Fray Juan de Jesus . . . hincado de rodillas, con actos de amor de Dios, esperaba su santa voluntad con un Cristo en la mano, en interim que altercaban en su defensa; cuando uno de los que asistian, con una espada le paso los pechos.’’ The remains of Fr. Juan de Jesus were exhumed by Diego de Vargas on the 8th of August, 1694. They were found in the first square of the pueblo close to a kiva, and showed that the body had been pierced by an arrow. The shaft of the arrow was found with the skeleton.—Certificazion de los Huezos del Venerable Fray Juan de Jesus, August 11, 1694, Ms. ‘‘Entrando en la primera plaza donde se hallaba la estufa, que senalan 4 un lado de ella los dichos Indio € India, se halla enterado dicho cuerpo . . . se hallo al levantarlo por las espaldas y parte del espinazo, tener una punta de jara del tamafio de poco mas de un jeme, cuyo palo estaba al parecer en su mero color del que usan y traen los Indios para herir y matar, de dicho genero de flechas.’’ The alealde mayor, Luis Granillo, tells in Diario de la Retirada, fol. 50, how he and the three soldiers escaped and how they were rescued by the lieutenantgeneral Alonzo Garcia. The last named also states (fol. 42) that the Jemez Indians pursued the fugitives as far as the pueblo of Cia, and at folio 39 he says that he met them ‘‘en el campo como una legua del pueblo.’’ REBELLION AND INDEPENDENCE 367 below the present town of Las Cruces, which place the refugees reached about the end of the month and where they encamped. Here the Spaniards passed the winter, enduring great privations and suffering. Rude huts were built, with thatched roofs, the women of the several camps mixing the mud and plastering the walls. Most of the material was carried on the backs of the men, the governor himself and the friars assisting in this class of labor. Fr. Ayeta supplied them with ten beeves and as many fanegas of corn daily, but during a portion of the time the refugees were entirely destitute of provisions and lived on wild herbs, mesquite beans, and mescal. Many of them left for the south, going to Casas Grandes, Viscaya, and Sonora, looking for sustenance and quarters in which to live. The governor of the town of Parral issued a circular calling upon the inhabitants to send them supplies, but only a small amount was ever received. In the month of December, later than the 20th, Fr. Ayeta left for the City of Mexico, carrying with him a full report of the misfortunes which had befallen the people and also a petition for their relief. His mission was entirely successful. The viceroy immediately took steps for the relief of the refugees and also ordered that preparations be made for the re-conquest of the province. Fr. Francisco Ayeta 27° came back early in 1681, still in charge of the interests of the vice-royalty and bringing with him abundant supplies, ammunition, and soldiers. It FR. FRANCISCO AYETA RETURNS was at this time, the spring of 1682, FROM THE CITY OF WITH the Mexican town was El 876 Otermin, that Fr. MEXICO that the present city of Hl] Paso was REENFORCEMENTS city known Paso del Norte Eatractos, Francisco founded, Ayeta Ms., not the American city of that name, in the state of Texas, but as Ciudad Juarez,*"7 the name of which did; until 1185-1205. a few years In is the amount this of money ago, found when a record it was of all he had spent and the amount which had been taken from the king’s treasury. Ayeta had an appointment as procurador-general of New Spain, and was ordered to the mother country; but the audiencia, prior to his leaving the city, in the spring of 1681, authorized him to proceed with his affairs in New Mexico. _ 877 Several historians have thought and stated that El Paso was already a city or town at the time of the uprising of the pueblos, but this is a mistake. The convento of Guadalupe, which was in the vicinity of the ford of the Rio in Grande, crossed by Ofiate in 1598, was founded by Fray Garcia de Zufiga de See Auto de Fundacion de la Mision de Nuestra Senora the year 1659. Guadalupe, ete., Ms., fol. 13. |