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Show 362 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY PUEBLO On the 14th day of August the scouts who had been sent out by Otermin returned and reported that five hundred Indians from the pueblo of Pecos and the eastern pueblos were approaching the city, and on the following morning these appeared in the fields near the chapel of San Miguel, across the Santa Fé river, in that part of the town which was occupied by the Tlascalteec Indians who had come from New Spain and were living at the capital. A conference between a representative of the Indians and the Spanish officers was held, but the Indian was firm in his announcement that nothing would swerve the natives from their purpose of driving the Spaniards from the country. He said they had brought with them two erosses, one red and one white, the red, a token of war, the white indicating peace, but if the Spaniards chose the latter, they must immediately leave the country. They had killed God and Santa Maria and the king must yield. Otermin sent out a substantial force to meet the Indians, and soon followed in person. All day long the battle lasted, and just as the Spanish arms seemed crowned with victory, the army of Indians from the north appeared, and the governor was obliged to retire with his troops to protect the palace, where the women and children of the capital had taken refuge. The siege of the capital city lasted five days. There were over three passed to the Observancia, with the object of going to serve in that Holly Custodia. ‘““In that of San Lorenzo de Picuriés, the Reverend Padre Fray Mathias Rendon. ‘“In that of San Gerénimo de Taos, the Reverend Padre Fray Antonio de Mora; both the last named being citizens of the City of Los Angeles; and in the same Convento de Taos, Brother Fray Juan de la Pedrosa, a native of Mexico. ‘*In that of San Marcos, the Reverend Padre Fray Manuel Tinoco, a son of the Province of San Miguel in Estremadura. **In that of Santo Domingo, the Reverend Padres Fray Francisco Antonio Lorenzana, a native of Galicia; Fray Juan de Talaban, Custodio habitual, a native of Seville, who had been a missionary almost twenty years, and Fray Joseph de Montesdoca, a native of Queretaro. ‘‘In that of San Diego de Jemez, the Reverend Padre Fray Juan de Jesus, a native of Granada. : ‘tis that of San Estevan of Acoma, the Reverend Padre Fray Lucas Maldonado, Difinidor actual, a native of Tribugena. ‘‘In that of the Purisima Concepcion of Alona, the Reverend Padre Fray Juan del Val, of the Kingdom of Castile. “In that of Aguatubi, native of Mexico. the Reverend Padre Fray Joseph de Figueroa, 4 | | “*In that of Oraibi, the Reverend Padre Fray Joseph de Espeleta, Custodio habitual, a native of Estela in the Kingdom of Navarre, years a missionary, and native of Pasquaro.’’ the Reverend Padre Fray : who had been thirty Agustin de Santa Maria, a REBELLION AND INDEPENDENCE 363 thousand Pueblo warriors, who quickly took and destroyed the suburbs of the city, in fact everything but the plaza and the royal houses. The church and convent were burned and the water supply cut off. The streets entering the plaza were all barricaded. Each day the number of besiegers increased, and it was evidently the purpose of the savages to starve out the Spaniards. The condition of the garrison was now becoming desperate; the horses and other animals were dying of thirst; provisions were becoming scarce, and starvation seemed soon to be their fate. There was no hope of succor from the Spaniards in the south, and the only hope of the garrison was to cut its way through the lines of the enemy. Otermin resolved upon this course, and made his preparations accordingly. On the morning of the 21st of August he abandoned his capital, or, as the record shows, marched to the relief of Isleta. Clothing to the value of eight thousand dollars was distributed, and the governor, garrison, women, and children, and three friars, Cadefia, Duran, and Farfan, about one thousand in all, began their march on foot, each carrying his own baggage, as the horses were barely sufficient for the sick and wounded.?” The Indians watched the Spaniards as they left the city, holding positions on the surrounding interfere, GOVERNOR OTERMIN foot-hills; they did not attempt to content to see them leave and un- willing to risk their lives against the desperate ABANDONS SANTA FE courage of the governor and his band. Otermin proceeded by way of the old pueblo of Santo Domingo, where they found the bodies of the Frailes Lorenzana, Talaban, and Montesdoca, as well as those of five other Spaniards who had been murdered; thence they proceeded to San Fe- lipe *2 and Sandia, whose Spanish inhabitants had escaped, though all these pueblos had been sacked and destroyed.?” 870 The friars who survived, as named in a letter of P. Fr. Sierra of September 4th, were PP. José Bonilla, Francisco Gomez de la Cadefia, Andrés Duran, Francisco Farfan, Nicolas Hurtado, Diego Mendoza, Francisco Munoz, Diego Parraga, Antonio Sierra, Tomas Tobalina, and Juan Zavaleta. Five captains are named as having been killed: Francisco Jimenez, Agustin Carbajal, Cristobal de Anaya, José Nieto, and Andrés Gomez. 871 No massacre of friars or Spaniards occurred at San Felipe, but a few Indians who were faithful to the Spaniards were killed. All of the men of that pueblo joined those at Santo Domingo, with a few exceptions, and joined in the et , 372 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, p. 189-190: The pueblo in 1680 was ‘‘constructed at the foot of the mesa of Ta-mi-ta. of San Felipe There the first |
