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Show 348 LEADING FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY THE that he returned to Mexico in 1664, where he was asking aid in order to send out expeditions to the north, and it is more than likely that while there he became involved with the holy office, by which he was put in prison. Just when this imprisonment began, we do not know, but it is certain that in 1668 he was forced to march bare-headed through the streets carrying a green candle, for having made blasphemous remarks against the holy office. During his incumben cy there were established in New Mexico twenty-four additional missions, all of which was accomplished by the friars and not by the civil government. When Pefialosa found that his proposals met with no favorable reception or consideration by the king and the viceroy, he went to London and Paris, where he attempted to organize a grand filibustering expedition against his former sovereign, freely resorting to falsehood, and claiming for himself the title of Condé de Santa Fé. Pefialosa died in 1687, and his efforts in the organizat ion of the filibustering project are very closely allied with the expedition of La Salle in 1682-7,357 From about 1672 the various Apache *** tribes became trouble some, has Bancroft, H. H., History of Arizona and New Mexico, p. 169, and notes: n France P efalosa presented to the government what purported to be a narrative of an expedition to Quivira made by himself in 1662, written by Padre Freitas, one of the friars of his company, and sent to the Spanish king. He ie made ony such entrada or rendered any such report. The na tratics was ae eu S expedition of 1601, slightly changed to suit his purposes in a We te ngs this fraud in an earlier volume of this series, but have oe c ek “es re of Fernandes Duro, published two years before my volMido at investigator, by similar arguments, reached the same con- ‘*The fictitious narrative, Freytas, Relacion del Descubrimien baa : ¥ ‘ to de Pats a, ae given to the French minister in 1675, and claimed to hae Diego ae a ‘ he Spain in 1663, was printed in Shea’s Expedition of Don i uable notes and ectrrr: yo’ 1882, with Spanish and English text, with valaa sens ex raets from Margery and te other ae ree miee e ent eho w authors Duro, del reino de respecting Pefialosa. Don Diego de Pefalosa to the Royal ciahbog of His. aes, net dig all of Shea’s matter and adds much more on the gia oe For his conclusion that the story was a fraud he Paredes by . fr rt on the report of Padre Posadas (erroneously called “chal adiec was custodio d “Poa dition. T aia ae oo edition, apparently not known D.) who es 8 term of office and who mentions to no F. such expethe publication er ip actly rk of ’82 or know of its existence until after recognizing its fictitinns 358 RB : Mike cor isso oo ; a devotes a chapter to this expedition, not part ii, p. 338. out on the south side of the Da Promontory Hauicu (Hawaikth) is an overlooking the plains that stretch fil river, and about fifteen miles southwest of the CONQUEST OF NEW MEXICO 349 destroying in their raids one of the Zufii towns and six of the pueblos farther east. Several friars lost their lives. In 1675 it is related that four natives were hanged, forty-three or forty-seven whipped and enslaved, and many more imprisoned for having killed several missionaries and other Spaniards, besides bewitching the padre visitador, Andrés Duran. Seventy Tegua warriors came early one morning to Governor Trevifio’s residence with eggs, chickens, tobacco, beans, and skins, as a ransom for their countrymen, who were in prison. The governor, alarmed at their demands, consented to their release, and the Indians peacefully retired. These Indians told the governor that they would kill all the Spaniards or flee to the mountains and risk utter annihilation at the hands of the Apaches rather than see their sorcerers punished. Popé, who became prominent in the rebellion of the Pueblos later on, was connected with this affair in some manner, either as leader of those who were in jail or of those who came to rescue them. About this time the Apaches became especially active in their raids; all the wandering tribes were known to the Spaniards as Apaches except the Utes, who lived in the north, and with whom Governor Otermin was the first to enter into treaties. There is no documentary record of the Comanches until the following century.*°? In 1676 the condition of affairs became very serious. churches had been destroyed and many Towns and Christians *°° killed by the present Zuni. This was the village first seen by Coronado and which he had to take by storm. Hauicu was occupied until 1672, when the Navajés surprised it, killing the resident missionary, Fray Pedro de Avila y Ayala, on the seventh of October. Vetancurt places the massacre at Hawaikth in 1670. A contemporaneous document places the date at October 7th, 1672. Parecer del Fiscal, September oth, 1676 (Ms.): ‘‘Y lo que es mas que despues de haber muerto muchos cristianos sin reserbar 4 los Parbulos pasaron 4 dar muerte al Pe Fr. Pedro de ae ministro en el pueblo de Auuico en el dia 7 de Octubre del afio pasado 6 1672,.’’ 859 Bancroft, H. H., History of Arizona and New Mezico, p. a4. 860 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report, part ii, p. 249: ‘‘In 1680 the Apaches had waged war so successfully against the Piros that there were remaining only four pueblos. This was due not only to the efforts of the missionaries to gather their flock into larger pueblos, but also to the danger to which these Indians were exposed from the Apaches of the ‘Perillo’ and the ‘ Xila’ as the southern bands of that restless tribe were called. They harassed the Piros as much as the Navaj6s did the Jemez. All efforts at taming them utterly failed; for, although willing to make peace with the Spaniards, they persisted in preying upon the pueblos whom the Spaniards were bound to protect. . . The Apaches, on the 23rd day of January, 1675, surprised the pueblo of Seneca, killed its missionary, Fray Alonzo Gil de Avila, and slaughtered so many of the inhabitants of all |