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Show eee ee ey PO oe tereae one! oo are ta 4 re od haan arewintryPet ee 3a Se ae - Nase bd 3 * petsJ wih ostSialye hehehe aw oh i ae eS he Fs et oeeel ‘er elreise FACTS OF NEW MEXICAN HISTORY In the excavations of buried pueblos have been found many sorts of pottery, mummies, skeletons, weapons, and domestic implements which bear out this theory. The first inhabitants of New Mexico were familiar with agriculture; they planted corn, cotton in localities, and raised fruits. The large communal buildings were erected and occupied as a means of protection. Those who lived in these buildings were a sedentary people, and the cliffs, mesas, and canyons of New Mexico proved attractive as places of abode. The ruins of the domiciles of these people are of two classes, cliffdwellings, and pueblos. ‘The cliff-dwellings are mostly of the excavated type, and embrace a wide ANCIENT HABITATIONS — CLIFF range of habitations. The most DWELLINGS AND PUEBLOS primitive is the natural open cave, formed principally by wind erosion, and only slightly, if at all, enlarged by excavation. Wholly artificial dwellings, excavated in the perpendicular face of the cliff, are also found. Others have cased doorways, and some with the front, wholly or in part, of masonry. It is evident that when in use prep ln LEADING SAS io res ER ot ane regetna 10 hehe] Bee the majority of these dwellings were rendered much more commod- A ce pate:be ryt * ious by the building of porches. These cliff-dwellings occur in vast numbers in the southern faces of the mesas of volcanic tufa that extend out from the base of the mountains toward the valley in that portion of New Mexico known as the Pajarito plateau, the table-lands lying between the Jemez range and the Rio Grande. Occasionally they are found in cliffs with eastern exposures, but they very rarely face either north or west. The pueblo ruins are those of the many-chambered community houses which are found upon the mesa tops and in the valleys. The pueblo structure is invariably a cluster of rooms or cells.4 In some cases the rooms are arranged irregularly and in others they have a definite alignment of common wall. The smaller pueblos were but one story high, while the majority were from two to four stories. They were generally built in quadrangular form. It is believed that the Moquis, and the Pueblos of New Mexico, finding ; it necessary for economical and defens ive reasons, lived in os ae ty Dr. Edgar L., Antiqu ities of the Jemez Plateau, Bul. 32, B. A. E., Courtesy of School of American Archeology, Santa Fé, N. M. Great Ceremonial Cave — Rito de los Frijole s . a de Gee Re ESL Bebes ee we. be E i i an a Oe see Patasadn — Tree ost ea eh iting fot Tid te ee ers oto a i EOhlaEFM L OE OPER ee ECE 8 FE i EOIREL tahcbictilg jit EG LIST MOP RTE rg E Le PA ~~ ETT SEES eh chee: eeeSee os ee tas i eee iS bop 3 P eee ene epee stad ~ + nie ae?° 5 |
