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Show . 1396 Theatrum Botanicum, Cwar.s with the Acornes of Phages or Efculus the Sweete Oke, The I/ex or Holme Oke, a8 P/iny and other Authonrs make mention, is of an ecernall durability or not decaying in many hundreds of yeares, he reciteth one that made almotta woodalone,dividedinto ten bodies ortrees, and contained thirty five footein compéfle, and each ofa large greatneffe: and of another that grew on the Vatican, that was older then the Cityof Romeicfelfe: the Crowne or Garland that was given to a Citizen, for any worthy act in former times, was made of the branches the properties of the ofthistree, although afterwardsit was made of E/culus that was dedicated to Iupiter, leffer Holme Oke; are chiefly remaining in the berries, of the juyce whereof youthail heare in the following Chapter. ——S Cuar. V. ilicung excrefcentia, The Excreffences of the Holme Okes, Herearefive feverall Excreflences growing on thefe Holme Okes, differing from the former, and Sal none of them found upon anyofthe other Okes, which are fitly,referved for this place, as you SD fhallfinde themfer downe in order : and firft of the Scarlet graine asthe moft worthy. Die 4 URSF 1. Chermes fer (oceus infettorits. The Scarlet graine. Acornéas is an Acornéas or berryy (is not the proper This i s graine gi o fruite of the lefler Holme Oke, offorthattis the others have) isa kindeof Excreffence chat nature thrafteth forth vpon this tree, while the branches are young and not growneold or neglected and not pruincd, which then growbarren, and with few or poneuponit,and growethail along the branches at the {everall joyrits and footeftalkes of the leaves, being as big as a Peale,of areddifh afhcolour, before they are ripe,but-of the colour of the Holly,or A(paragus berries, when they are ripe or fomewhat darker,but are gathered for the molt part before they be too ripe, when as they will containe within thema cleere juyce of a crim{on colour,as deepe as any pure freth blood, whichby the heate of the Sanne breede fmall red worm es little bigger then fleas at the firft, but being {nffered to grow great, confume the inner fubltance of the berry or graine, creeping away and leaving the huske or fhellempty, which empty fhells are the Kermes berry es that are found in the Apochecaries and Drugifts’ fhoppes every where, and which Trepa 16. The Theater of Plants. of noevident caufe, and to procure mirth as much as Phyficall meanes may effect, but there hath beene formerly many errours committed in the compofition of this confeftion, fir in the Laps Lazuli (firft pur in by A4e(wes the edrabian againft Melancholy) fome condemning the.afe ofir, and fomefearing the operation thereofby forcibly purging Melancholly, have wholly lefc it ont,and others have putitin, but without that due preparationit ought to have : a fecond errour is concerning the filke that is appointed to be put intoit, fome taking crim{onfilke dyed as our Dyes ufe it,which maybe dangerous in that they ufe divers things to ftrike that Dye that is not fafe tobe ufed inwardly,and therefore fome ufed to draw a tinéture out of the dryed berries z bfit our later age hath appointed a fafer courfe, namely tofteepe the raw cods of filke that hathfelt no art paffe uponthemin the true juice of che Chermes berries, wherewith being imbibed and fufficiently tinéted, the jnyce after boyling andftraining,is then fit to be nfedto make this confection: athird errour rofe trom Dodoneus, that miftooke Sericam,and made it Seta, whofe errour Dottor Prie/?, that tranflated him into &xg/i/ did follow,and gave occafion to Gerard {oto publifhit fo in his Herball,in that Gerard received that tranflation from Mr. Norton to finifh : a fourtherrour hath rifen from the Monckes that wrote Comentaries upon Me/ves, who affirmed thar chat kinde of Crimfon graine that is gathered from the rootes of Burnetis this Kermes of the Arabians, but Matthiolus hath confuced their opinionfafficiently : a fifth errour isin many mens miltaking Cochexille ( a certaine graine orrather flye knowne but of lace dayes,and brought from*America,) for Kermses, of ancient and {pee ciall ufe-with the old Arabian and Greeke Writers: but now all thefe etrours being taken away, men mayfafely repofe confidence in the goodneffe ofthis confe@ion,the faithfull preparations of the ingredients hereof, as well as of other compofitions,bzing fo carefullyoverfeene by the guardiansof the Apothecaries,fince they were joyned into a corporation,thatit may juftly nowcompare ( who werefatrebehinde before ) with the moft famous and expect in the arc wherefoever + the berries that are found onthe great Holme Oke faith A4atthiolys, being braifed with vinegar, are yood to be applyed ‘to greene wounds and pucalfo into thofe eyes that arc blood-fhotten do¢ much good : the other excreffences aré not put toany ufethat I know. CHAP, confe@ion called Alkermes; whichis cordi amica, and preffe forth the jayce, which being boyled up with aproportion of Sugar, fit to preferve it from fowring, is kept fora whole yeare after : but when they, are fomewhat moreripe, yet before the wormes are ready to breakethe fhell to runneaway, they are gathered for the Dyers ufeto Dyc fine Scarlet-cloath withall,and are brought into powder in this manner. Whenthefe graines orberries ered in their fit time,theycaft them on a fheete or other {uch thing,fprinkling them withalitele Wine or fhaking chem in the Sunne,or drying theminan oven, Beloniw fhewethche way that they ufe in Candy, isto make two forts of Dyes of them,the one of the pulpe the other of rhe bladders or fhells and becaufe the puipe ma- keth the richer Dye it is fold at foure times the deerer rate. 2, Thereis alfo found upon the branches of the greater Holme Oke, (cattering!y here and there, and nothing fo plentifully as in the other,certaine fimzll round graines of adarke red colour which for the moft part are negle@ed and fo foft, 3. These is likewife found a kind of grayifh Mofle madelike untoa finall long bufhor locke confilting of grayifh hoary haires but not {weete. i 4, There is agum alfo found flicking to the Acornesof thé great Holme Oke, whichis fomewhat hot in talte , but not unpleafant. $° Theophraftws maketh mention of Hypbear,to erow as well as Miff=llto,on the I/ex, andthat on the Southfide theereof; which cannotbe but a differing thing from Miflellto. The Place and Time, ‘The place of growing of thefe berries,hath beene fer downe in the Chapter before andthey beginné to appeare in Aprill, and are gathered in May, theielt inGreece, Italy, Spaine and France, and are chictclyfeene inthe Summer, The Names, The Scarlet graine i; called by Theophraftus in Greeke xinx@ Zuni Coces Phenicea, by Dioforides xixx® and xm hoon, Coccus Baphica,in Latine of Pliny,Granum,Coccum, Quifquiliam, Cufculinm, Scoletium,and Vermics- $um,as alfo Hy/ginum both by him and Vétruvizs taken from the word Hys,wherebyas Pam/anias faith the G ans beyond Phrigia did callit, of the latter Writers, (occus infe Torigs Granuminfeflorinm : in (hc ppes G clorum, and Chermes or Kermes, and Grana The Corke tree. in that the difference is notfit in my minde to make a fpeciall fort as you fhall here, 1. Saber latifolium. The broad leafed Corke tree. ‘ mell,and is much commendedand given bythe later Phyfitians to women with child, who by infirmityor other cafualty are fabject to mifcarry with their children,by untimely travell and birth: -ue efpecially the confe@ion which Is called Alkermes, which is made of the juyce of thefe berryes is ¢f¢@uall for that. purpofe, ‘and is Wh S ra The broad leafed Corke tree,growethto bea great tree in manyplaces, but notfo high as thejéex or Holme Oke,nor {0 farre fpread, but witha thicker body, and fewer boughes, yet in fome places ig groweth much lower, for Plizy {aid it was {mall tree : the leaves hereof are very likeunto the leaves'of the Zlex, but ufually greater, broader and moreprickely then 1, 2. Saber latif ; thofé of the elder Holme Okes, and in molt places abide The broad and alwayes greene on the trees, but in fome fewdoc fallaWay,as the ordinary Okes doe, which therefore bei peculiar to few, cannot I thinke conftiture another /pecies, The flowers are like the other kes, and the Ackornes {maller then thofe ofthe Z/ex,fofter alfo as ir were {pongy and more unpleafant, ftandingin very roughprickly cups : e, iugged and full of clifts if the barke hereof and will cleave and fall ut it growtoolong aff of ix felfe by peecemeale: but being taken in due time, that is every rhirdyeare, the newbarke will appeare very red, as if ir were painted, and if any raine fhould happeni rcking time, they would all wither and dye, b antry men doe cat éfully obnd when they have taken time for that purp fireto make plaine andflat,and bring it to the ¢ thorew hot, which then with Id which fo abideth afi s {trong and fit to ithall, for P/ tufFatemaue fent. 2 hermes after the Arabian name, by the Italians Grana dit Spanifh Grana de tintoreros. and Granden grano, in French Vermillon, and Graine de (carlate, by the Germanes Scarlackbeer, and in Exglifp the Scarlet grain¢,or Chermes berry. The fecondis called Granwm Flignewm, The third AMufcus lhignews The fourth Gammi Tilgnetm.And the latt as is {aid Hyphear. ee The Vertues, The Scarlet graine is ufed to heale greene wounds,andfinewes that are cut,to be mixed with virégar or Oxy- I, 1F the Corke trée there are three forts obferved by divers, which yet may well be reduced into two; Vinegar sporne up from the ground bythe fides or foure corners, and ferthem in the hot Sunne who feeling the heate of the Sunne beginto l{tirre, and would creepeaway, but that one that is appointedto looke to them,witha worke is continued folong untill theybe all dead,and dryed {ufficient with the heate of the Sunne, andare afterwards brought to the market and fold to the Merchants,that willbuy them. Some doe this ina bagge or boultcr, 1397 and againft. {wounings, ic is often ufed likewife ‘again. Melancholly paffions and forrow proceeding made Matthiolus whonever fawthem gto ving, tothinke that they werenot the true Chermes of Diofcorides, but fomeother kinde of berry, becaufe Dio/corides faith that they are like unto Lentils: before thete are Tipe, or that any wormesare bred inthem,they are gathered for the Apothecaries nfe, that make the foverainge cordiall imall wandorfticke by firiking the fides of the fheete caufeth them to fall downe into the middle againe which Cuar,6- Soveraigne Cordiall to {trengthen and revive the fainting fpirits of the hearc, and to drive away melancholy. This confection alfois dayly commended and ufed with good effect,againkt the trembling and fhaking of the heare os The narro This other Corke tre to bea great tree, {pread ches which are more afi to be bowed, where- on growlonger, narrower and(harper pointedleaves then the former but not endented or prickly on the edges atall : in all other things it is like unto the former, a The Place and Time, gireinysofrenin, Fo gall ( rein tome places it groweth low) in Italy alfo |