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Show Cowar.49, Theatrum Botanicum. : Trine: 5. T Ripe. 5. The Theater ofPlants. re at the ends : thefe ftalkes have no branchesat all, but from fome of the upper joynts, and at Seapicitiandthes or foure flowers, upon flender footeftalkes in long huskes, made of ees = the Cuap, LXXX. moft patt fomewhatbroader at the ends then the former, and uneven, and many times breaking the huskes whereinthey ftand, on the one fide or other, of a pale white colour enclining to abluth, efpecially on the fides; oflittle orno fent at all : wee never yet obferved the feede or feede veffells, being incteafed {ufficiently by the roote. The Prick: Thefirt groweth wilde in many low and wet grounds of this lands, by the brookes, andfides of running waters, and is broughtfor the flowersfake into many country gardensalfo, to ferveto decke up theirhoufes, the other wasfirft found and fet forth by Mr. Gerardin his Herball, and hath not beene found to grow any where elfe then in that little Grove called the Spiney which is neare unto Lichberrow in Northamptonfhire. The Time, Theyboth flower in ?#/y,and uftally not before,and fo cotinue all Augu/? and part of September, before they will be quite fpent. ieee This Herbeis ufually called Saponaria becaufeit ferveth in ftead of Sope to wafh any thing withall;& therefore Fufchine firft ofall other writers as Itakeit,fer it forth for the sstSiov Struthinm of Diofcorides, Galen, T heophraftus and Pliny,which commeth from the Greeke word s«3i¢e&s which fignifieth Canas purgare,c candidas facere, but quite differeth from it as you fhall heare by and by ; foralthoughthisas well as many others, may be called Str#- thiasoftheir {couring and clenfing quality, yetnone of them have the right defcription of Struthinm (whichof the Latinesis called Radicula,and Lanaria herba, and by fome others alfo transferred to this Saponaria but erroneoufly) and overpaffed by Dioftorides as too well knowne in his dayes,and therefore needednodefcription, and but remembred onelyby Zheophraftusin his fixt Booke and third Chap.ofhis hiftory of Plants,amongthofe herbes whofe leavesare prickley. Pliny inhist9, Booke and third Chap. deferibeth Seruthinm at large: his owne wordsI thinke fit to fet downe.and afterwards interpret them,that all may know what little care and judgement divers have fhewedin referring the more obfcure Plants of the ancients, innot duly comparing and examining their Authors words and declarations, At que vocatur Radicula (faith Pliny) lavandis demsm lanis/uctum haber. mirum quantum conferens candori mollitieque, —ALque nafcitur [ative ubique, fed (ponte precipuein Afia Syriaque, Saxofis & afperis locis,trans E.uphratem tamen laudatiffima,caulefernlaceo,tenti,c ipfo cibws indigenarum expetito, tingenti quicquidfit cum quo decoquatur, felio Olee, Struthium Graci vocants floret eftate Grato afpettn vernm fine odore,[pinofa c canle lanuginofo femen ei nullum, radix magna gia conciditur ad quem dium ef #fum : which may be thus Englifhed, But that herbe which is called Radicu/a, hatha juice or fappe therein fit to wath clothes sitis wonderfull to fee what whiteneffe and fmoothnefle therebyitgiveth unto them, The manuredfort groweth with manyindivers places,but ofit owne accord in fia and Syria,in rocky and rugged places 3; but the chiefet and mott praife worthy groweth beyond Exphrates, having a {mall ferulous ftalke, which the inhabitants doe cate withtheir meats, and is apt to colour ordye any thing thatfhall be boyled with it, andhath the leafe of an Olive tree: the Greekescall it Struthinm. Icflowrethin Summer, andis pleafant to behold but without any fent, be- Trachelinm five Cervicaria, Throatewort, o4eno Nder the name of Trachelium (whichis a kinde of Campanula or Bellflower) may all the reft of the Bell- flowers be comprehended, whereof fome I have already fet forth in my former booke, but be=f cafe there arc fo many, J thinkefitteft to diftribute them into féverall Chapters, that fo they may be °% the better expreffed. by me, and apprehended and retained by you, and diftinguithed toall. In this Chapter I will onely mention the reft of them that have roughor hayry leaves, and inthe next thofe thar geren 31, Trachelium majus Belearum. Great Throatewort This great Throatewort hath very tall and great hayrie ftalkes and leaves of the fafhion of the other fort, that I have fer forth in my otherbooke, there calledthe greater Canterbury Bells, but greater than it, both in ftalke and leafe, the flower is of a purplith blue colour, almoft as large as thofe of the Coventry bels, in all other ings it agr ith the other. isabies tepachelinin petreum majus globofum, Thegreat globe rocke Throatewort. The greater of the two rock Throateworts,rifethup with brownithor reddithftraked hayrie ftalks,about two foote high, bearing theteon diversroughor hayrie darke greene leaves on the upper fide, and paler underneath, fet without order, and alittledented abourthe edges with fomefmaller leavesfet at the joynts with them - ar the toppes of theftalkes efpecially, grow many flowers, clultring together ina round fathion, and fome at the upper joynts alfo with theleaves, but not fo many, and fome alfo under them at the lowerjoynts, but fill fewer and fewer, being all of them, of the forme of the former Throatewort,but of a white colour, and {maller than the fmall, or ordinary fort, and ending in five, fixe, or fometimesin feven points, having in the middle manyyellowith threds, and one greater than the reft, crooked at theend when itis biggeft, and which becommeth bifor= ked, and bluntasit ripeneth, the flowers abide long beforetheyfall, butthe feede hath not beeneobferved : the roote is fomewhat great and wooddy, rugged onthe ontfide and reddifh, but white within, and moreaftrin- gent than any of thereft. 1. Trachelium majus Belgaum. Gxeat Dhroatworn therefore doth A¢atthiolus contrary Fuchfiws plainelyas alfo thofe that took the Luteaor Luteolaherbato be Strum thinm, which hetherefore called P/endo Struthium.Divers alfo in taking itto be Strathium,called italfo Condifi of the Arabians, which is thought to be the Struthi#m of the Greekes, and haye applyed and ufed it for all tho& BAY purpofes whereunto they have appropriated their Condifi unto: but Bellunenfis giveth the defcription of Condit : the countrey people in Kent and Sufex call it Gill ron by the ftreet. The Vertues, The Country peoplein divers places doenfe to bruife the leaves of Sopewort, and layit to theirfingers,hands orlegees, when N they are cut to heale them upagaine. Some make great’boa tt thereof. that itis dinreticall to provoke urine, and therebyto expell gravel, and the ftonein the reinesor kidnies: and account italfo as fingue lar good to avoyd Hydropicall waters, therebyto cure the difeafe, but their pra@icke is not I thinke fafficient autentike, upon their theory or {peculation, to inforce beleefe enceitis found.to doc the outward of womens treene and thatit will clenfe the inward parts, asby experipewter veffels: they no leffe extoll it to efor an abfolute c cute in Lue|Venere sthen either Sar/aparilla, GuajacumorChina can doe; which how true it 4is let thers judge, that have judgement upon:rue know ledge of the truth; for my felfe,I cannot be induced tobeleevo-e the one halfe, untill more evident proofes doe convince me. Car > Tm. V3 fwette oyntment makers in Damafco,doe put it into their confections that are made of honey,and boyled wine, faves VE in thefe words : Ic is theroote of a plant (that hath prickly like a Thiftle}) of the thickneffe of ones thumbe fomewhatyellowith onthe infide and blacke without,leaves fharpe both in fent and tate ( Serapio out ofDio. Scorides faith) the roote is long and round, and ofa quicke fharpe tafte,which words are wanting as Lugdanenfis faith in the printed Latine copies) with the decoction thereofthey ufeto clenfe both wooll an clothes ; andthe which giveth them fach a whiteneffe that they feemeas ifthey were made of Sugar, and Starch : with the roote ; 3. Trachelinm petreum minus globofum, Thelefler globe like rocke Throatewort, ‘ Theleffer ofthefe Throateworts, hath the firft leaves {omewhat long and not dented on the edges butpointed, and after them rife diverfe others that are round,and cut in on the edges,{tanding on long footeftalkes, an hand dth long at the leaft, fomewhatlike unto thofe of Cimbalaria Italica hederacea, the Ivie like leafe, or Italjan Gondelo bat not fo thicke,fuller of ribbes and veines,deeplicr cut in on the edges, and of a darke greene cor, from which rife divérs naked or bare lenderftalkes, abont halfe a foote high, which ufually have one or ing prickly, and the ftalke woolly : it beareth no feede, the roote is great and being cut in peecesferveth for the ufes aforefayd, Thus farre Péiny, Nowif you will compare the Saponaria with this defeription, youfhall finde that the Saponaria, hathno Olive like leafe, butrather likea Plantane, it hathno ferulous nor woolly ftalke, but {mooth and joynted, it hath no prickly leaves but fmooth nor no greatroote but fmall and creeping ; it wanteth neytherfent nor feede, as Pliny faith Struthinm doth: fo that it is wonderfull that any fhould make themboth one; for one qualities fake onely of {cowring or clenfing; when fo many delineations are abfolutely different:and cut into peeces,the Spréans ufe to waththefilth out of their garments or fhirts inftead of Sope or Lye. Ihave beene fomewhattedions in declaring thefe things, that others might underftand what Strathinm and Condifiare, and that neither Saponaria nor Lateolacan beit, for there is no heate or fharpeneffe in eyther of them, befides their differing forme s thefirlt is generally called Saponaria byall writers except Tragus who calleth it Viola agre= Stis, and Fu(chius, Wwhoas: who asisfayd ,called it Struthians: amr thee ot! other Gerard called Gentiana concava, and placed it nextuntothem, thinking it a /pecies thereof, (bntit is plainely feene ; é ’ e and: knowne to agree with the Saponaria, both in rootes leaves, and flowers, and not with Gentian butin the bitterneffe. Iris ufually called in Englife Sopewort,and of (ome Bruifewort Cuar.8o, 2. Trache'ium majus petreurs globofume The greater globe récke Throatwort, |
