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Show 1886.] POSITION A N D CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES. 587 2. Subfamilia Ectyonina, Ridley and Dendy. Fibre echinated by laterally projecting spicules. Myxilla, Schmidt; Clathria, Schmidt; Rhaphidophlus, Ehlers Plumohalichondria, Carter ; Acarnus, Gray ; Echinoclathria, Carter; Clathrissa, Lendenfeld; Thalassodendron, Lendenfeld; Cerao-spina, Lendenfeld. 5. Familia AXINELLID^E, auct. With large subdermal cavities. Skeleton non-reticulate, consisting of ascending axes of fibre, from which arise subsidiary fibres radiating to the surface pervading the subdermal cavity. Fibres plumose. Megasclera chiefly styli, to which oxea and strongyla may be added. Microsclera rarely present, never chelae. Dendropsis, Ridley and Dendy; Thrinacophora, Ridley; Hyme-niacidon, Bowerbank ; Phakellia, Bowerbank; Ciocalypta, Bowerbank ; Acanthella, Schmidt; Axinella, Schmidt; Raspailia, Nardo Spirophora, Lendenfeld. n. Suborder KERATOSA, Bowerbank, emend. Silicea with a supporting skeleton composed of spongin; fibre with or without foreign bodies, but always without proper spicules. Flesh-spicules may be present. Exceptionally, there is no skeleton at all. i. Tribus Microearnerce, Lendenfeld. With small spherical ciliated chambers and opaque ground-substance. 1. Familia SPONGID^E, F. E. Schulze. With narrow axial thread in the horny fibres, and without filaments. 1. Subfamilia Aulenina?, Lendenfeld. Reticulate sponges with vestibules, without flesh-spicules. Halme, Aphroditella, Halmopsis, and Aulena, Lendenfeld ; Psam-maclema, Marshall. 2. Subfamilia Chalinopsillina, Lendenfeld. When dry of light yellow colour, digitate, lamellar, more or less flower-shaped, imitating very closely Chalininae, from which they appear only recently to have developed. Without flesh-spicules, with smooth surface. Chalinopsilla and Antheroplax, Lendenfeld ; Dactylia, Carter. 3. Subfamilia Spongince, Lendenfeld. Massive, when dry dark brown, with conulated or granulated surface. Vestibules, when present, belong]exclusively to the inhalant system. Without flesh-spicules. Euspongia, Bronn ; Cacospongia, Schmidt; Hinpospongia, F. E. |