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Show Relation. Book II. ~+ Amongfi fuch kind of collcCl:ive Ideas, are to be counted moft parr of artificia!Things,at leaft fuch of them as are made up ofdifiinct Sub !lances: And, in truth, if we confider all thefe collective Mens aright as A R M r, ConjleDation, Vniver.(e ~ as they are united into fo m~ny lingle !dear, they are but. the arttfictal Draughts of the Mind, bripging things very remote, and mdependent one from another, into one view the better to contemplate, and difcourfe of them, united into one conce: ption, and lignified by one name. For ther~ are no Things fo rem ore, nor fa contrary, wh1d1 the Mmd cannot,. by tins art of Compofrtion , bring 1nto one fdta, as 1s v1fible m that frgntfied by the name Vniverje. CHAP. XXV. §. x. BEfides the Ideas, whether limple or complex, that rhe Mind has ofTiungs, as they are m t9emfelves there are others it gets from their comparifon_one with another. Th~ Underfianding, in the confideratwn of any dung, ts not confined co that precifc ObjeCt: It can. carry any Itle~s, as it \~ere, beyond it felf, or, at leafi, look be· yond It, to fee how tt ~ands m c?nformity to any other. When the !"fuld fo confiders one th1~g, that It does, as it were, bring it to, and fer 1t by another, and carry Its v1ew from one to t'other: This is as the Wor~s imP<?rt, Relation ~nd Refp.CI.; and the Denominations given to pofittve Thmgs, lllttmaung that R~ct, and ~erving as Marks to !eod the Thoughts beyond the Subject lt felf denominated, to fomething d~ !l:md: from 1t, are what we call Relatives ; and the Thin,gs fo brought t<>i?ether_, Rd~ted. Th~s _when the Mmd confiders CajUJ. , as fuch a p6- ftn~e Bemg, tt raltes norhmg _mto that Idea, but what really exifts in CaJU#; v.g. when I confider htm,_ as a Man, I have nothing in my Mind, ~ut the. complex Idea of the _Spectes, Mnn: So likewife, when I fay ,Cajus IS a wlute Man, I have notlung but the bare conflderation of Man, who hath that wlute colour. But when I give Cajus the name Husband, I in· t~mate fame other pcrfon_; and when I give him the name U'/;iter, I in. ttmate ti>me othCI' thmg m both cafes : my Thought is Jed to fomcthing beyond CaJus, and there are two tlungs brought into confiderarion. And Iince any Idea, whether fimple, or complex, may be the occalion, whyrhc M1od thus bnngs two thmgs together, and, as it were, rakes a view of them ~t once, though ihll confidered as diftinCl:: therefore any of our IJeqr, may be the founpatton of Relation, as in the above-mentioned in· franc{,, the Contract, and Ceremony of Marriage with Sempronia , is the ~~a !On ohf the Denommattoo, or Relation of Husband . and the colour ute, l c occafion why_ he is faid w hirer than F ree-1\o~e. l . o.1.. ,Thefe, and the hke Relatio.,, txpr~U'ed by rdativt tumr ·tbat '"'llr pt,,as ••rwenn~ tlmn 'tl · 1 · · · · ' d So n · u1l t. gger 'Ja•n d Lebf s · Q ' wfc.r 'J dR uraC:ip .nr.o ca mttmatzoH. ' as Father' an d' B~ ' au c, an ':'ueu., are.'lgry o/,VIOUI to every one, ~11 cvHery ba dy atdliWrft, fight percctves the Relation. For Father and 1~o n •· ~ I ijS n ' an lle' and 1"1u c h ot he r correlau·v e terms fcem fo 'n car· .~~oanfl~e~o~~e~oo:l~;rrherp an7, through Cuftom, do fo ~eadily chime, · l f 10 cop es Memones that upon the namwg of ett Jer o them, the Thoughts are prefemly ca~ned beyond the Thing fo named; Chap. XXV. Relation. nomed; and_ no body over-looks, or doubts of a Re~tion, where -it is fo plainly intimated. Bu~ where Languages have failed to give correlative, Names, there the l_l.elatton ts not always fo ealily•taken notice<>f.. . Concubine is,_.no doubt, a relative Name, as well as Wife ; but in Languages , where tillS, and the hke Words, ha1•e nota correkttive term there Peopleare not fo apt to take them to be fo, as wanting 'thad evident Mark of J\clation, which is between Correlatives , which teem to explaintone nno• ther, aod not to be able t~ exi!l: but togeth~r. Henc_e it is, that tna_ny of thofe Names, whtch duly confidered, do ttlclude evtdent Rela'tions have been called External Denominations : But all Namd, . that are rndr~ than empty founds, muft fignifte fame Idta, which is either in the thing to which the name is applied ; and then it is pofitive, and is looked 'dn as united to, and exifiing in the Thing to which the Denominatiod is'·given•1 or elfe it arifes from the refpect the Mind finds In it, to fornetl1ing di~· tHnc.t from it, with' wJi·i~h it confiders it ; and thell it includes' a', Re-• Jation. · ·: ·> ' ·~'~ §. l· Another fort of relati'Ve t~rmr there is, which1 are not lookod on to be either relative, or fo much as external Denoininal'ions ; ioi;;,C), yet, under the form and appearance of lignifying fomethiilg abfolot~ iK the Subjed:, do conceal a tacit, though lefs ob(ervllble, }tclatlon; fucll·~re the ftemingly pojitive terms of Old, Grear, 1 Imperfecl:, &<. whereof I ,Jhall ha~e occalion to fpeak tnore at large in tht·ldllowing Chapters.- ·:·'I, r_ §. 4· This f.1rther may be obferved,•That the o/de;"' of Relation,' rna}" !Xi the fame fn Men, who have fat different Ideas of r!Je Things! that a'!'e related, or that are thus 'compared; v. g. -' thofe who .have m- d:trerent /Jeas of a Man, . may yet agree in the llotion of a Father;· wliiob is a IIOtion fuperinduced to the Subftance, or Man, and refers only tel an ad: of that thing dall~d M~n 1 whereby i~.c~n.~ributed \to the Generation of one of hts own kmd, let Man be what 1t Willi • l §. S'· I'be nature theref0re of Rdation, cbnfifts in the referring, or tom• paring two things, one to another ; from which comparifon, one or both comes to be denominated : And if either of thole things be removed, or ccafe to be, the Relation ceafes, and the Denomination confequent to it, though the other receive in it felf no alteration at all; v. g. Cajtn, whom I confider to day as n Father, ceafes co be fo tomorrow, only by the death of his Son, without any alteration made in himfelf; nay, barely by the Mind's changing the Obj<!Cl:, to whid1 it compares any thing, the fame thing is capable of having contrary Denominations ar the fame time; v. g. Cajur, compared to feveral Perfons, may truly be faid robe Older, and Younger; Stronger, and Weal<er, l!fc. ~- 6. Whatfoever doth, or can exift, or be confidered as one thing, is polirive; and fo not only flmple !dear and Subfiances, but Modes alfo are pofitive Beings; though the parts, of 1vhich they confift,are very often •relative one to another: but the w!)ole together sonfidered as one thing, and producing in us the complex Idea of one thing; whicJt idea is in our Minds, as one Pi<lurc, though an aggregate of dtvers parts; and under one name, it is a pofitivc or abfolute Thing,or ldro. Thus a Triangle, though the parts thereof, compared one to another, be relative, yet the Idea of the whole, is a pofitive abfolute idea. The fame mly be faid of a Family, a Tune, l!fc. for there can be no Relation , but betwixt two Things, confidere<l a..< two Tlungs. There muft always be 10 relatiOn two /dear, or Things, either in themfelves reallyfeparare, or conr.dered as diftin61:, and then ground or occafion lor their comparifon. |
