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Show Simple Ideas. Book II. which Jdea,s ifl fpeak offometimes, as in the things th:mfelves, I would be underfroddtomeanthofe Q,lalitiesin the ObjeCts wluch produce them in §u.s. h' k bfc I !i . 9. ConcerningthefeQ/!a/ities, wemay,It 10 ,o erv~n: cpmna. ry ones in Bodies, that produce lim pie /dear ill us, vzz. Sohdtl), Extenlion Motion or Refl:, Number and Ftgure. §:10• Thefe,which I ·calloriginal or prir,.ary Qytiliti~s of Body,are wholly infeparable from it; and fuch as in all the alter~nons and changes it fuffers, all the force can beufed upon \t, It confl:antly_ keeps; an<;J fu ch as Senfe confl:antly finds in every partic!e.of Matter, wluch has bulk e~ough to be perceived, and the Mind finds tnfeparable fro"': every portttle 0! Matter, though leiS than to make it f~lflingly be perce1ved by our Senfes. v. g. Take a grain of Wheat, dmdelt tnto two parts, e~ch par~ has fl:tll Solidity, Extenjion, Figure, and _M_ohlzty; diVIde It agatn, and It retatns fiill the fame qualities; and fo diVIdett on, ttl! th~ parts bec?memfenfible, they mull: retain fiill eachofthem all thofe qualmes. For diVIIion ( whtdt is all that a Mill, or Pefl:le, or any other Body, does upon another, 10 reducing it to infe~lible parts )can never take away either Solidit)l ,Extenlion, Figure, or Mobtlity from any Body, bu~ ~mly makes t\~o d1fit~Cl: Bod1cs, or more of one, which altogether after d!Vlfion have thetr certam number. §. 1 / The next thing to be conlidered, is, how Bodies operate one upon another, and that is manifefl:ly ry impu!Je, and nothing elfe. It being impollible to conceive, that Body lhould operate on what it does not touch, (which is all one as to imagine it can operate w_here it is not) or when it does touch, operate any other. way than by Matton. · ~- I>. If then Bodies' ~an not operate at a difiancci if external ObjeCl:~ be not united to our Minds, wh~n they, produce Ideas m It; and yet we per· ceive thefe original f2!!..alities in fuch of them, as lingly fall under our ~nfes, 'tis evident that fotne motion mull: be thence conunued by qu,r Nerves, or animal Spirits, by fome parts of our Bodies, to the Brains, the feat of Senfation, there to produce izt o11r Minds the {articular Ideas we !Jave of them. And Iince the Extenlion,Figure,Number,and Motion of Bodies of an obfervable bignefs, may be perceived at a difl:ance ry the light, 'tis evident fome lingly imperceptible Bodies mufi come from them to the Eyes, and thereby convey to the Brain fame Motion, wluch produces thefe Ideas we have of them in us. §,I l· After the fame manner, that the Ideas of thefe original ~alities are produced in us,we may conceive, that the Ideas of fecundary 12!!•· lities are alfo produced, viz. by the operation of infenjible partic!eJ on our Senfes. For it being manifefl:, that there are Bodies, and good fiore of Bodies, each whereof is fo fmall, that we cannot , by any of our Senfes, difcovcr either their bulk, figure, or motion, as is evident in the P~rticles of the Air and Water, and other extreamly linaller than thofe, perhaps, as much lefs than the Particles of Air, or Water, as the Particles of Air, or Water, are fmaller than Peafe or Hail-fl:ones. Let us fuppofe at prefent , that the different Motions and Figures, Bulk, and Number of fuch Particles , affeCl:ing the feveral Organs of our Senfes, produce in us thofe different Senfations, which we have from the Colours and Smells of Bodies, V.J!.: a Violet, by which. impulfe of , thofe infenliple Particles ofMatter of different figures and bulks, and in a different Degree and Modification, we may have the Ideas of the blue Colo~r, and fweet Scent of a Violet produced in our Minds. It being no more conceived impollible, to conceive, that God !hould annex fuch Ideas to fuch Motions, with which they have no limilitude; than that he lhould Chap. VJ[. What· !dear refemblancer. fl10uld annex the fd.a of Pain to tile motion of a peice of Steel; dividing our Flefl1, with which tbat Idea hath no refemblance. 9. r 4,. What I 'have faid concerning Colours and Smells, may be ·under; flood alfo of 7aj/es, and Sounds, ••d other tlu like fenfiUe Q/!alities; which, whatever reali.ty we by mifl:ake attribute to them, are in truth nothing in the ObjeCl:s themfe!ves, but Powers to produce various Scnfations in us, and depewd on tbofe prim•q Q/!alities, vi<. Bulk, Figure;' Texture, and Motion of Parts; and therefore I call them ·secundary ~alities. §.I 5. From whence,! think,it is eafie to draw this Obfervatlbn,Thatthe Ideas of primary Q..ualities of Bodies, are Reji:n•U•ncesof them, and their. Patterns do reallyexifl: i..-the Bodies themfelves; but the ldeaJ, produced in us f,y thefe Secundary 0Jalities, have no refemblance of them at all: There is not\1Lng like our !deaJ,exifl:ing in the Bodies themfelves. They are in the Booies, we denominate from them, only a Power to produce thofe Senfations in us: And what is Sweet, Blue, or Warm in Idea, is but the certain Bulk, Figure, and Motion df the infenlible Parts, in the Bodies themfelves we call fo. §. I6. Flame is denominated, Hut and l.igbt; Sn01v, White and Cold: and Manna, Whit(, and S•veet, from the Ideas they produce in us .. Which ~alities are commonly thought to be the fame in thofe Bodies, that thole Ideas are in us, the one the pcr(eCl: refemblance of the other, as they are in a Mirror; and it would by moll: Men be judged very extravagant; if one !hould fay otherwife. And yet he that will confider, that the fome Fire, that atonedifl:anceproduces in us the Senfation of ffarmth, does at a nearer approach, produce in us the far different Senfation of iPain, ought to bethink himfelf, what Reafon he has to fay, That his Idea of Warmt!J, which was produced in him by the Fire, is aCl:ually in the Fire; and his Idea of Pain, which the fame Fire produced in him the fame way; is not in the Fire. Why is Whitenefs and Coldnefs in Snow;and-pain not when it produces the one and the o.ther Idea in us ; and can do neither, but by the Bulk, Figure, Number,and Motion of its folid Parts. §. '7· The particular Bulk, tNumber, Figure, and Motio• of the parts of Fire, or Snow, are rea fly i~ them, whether any ones Seilfes perceive them or no: and therefore they may be called real Q/!alities, they really exifi in thofe Bodies. But Light, Heat, Whitenefs, or Coldnefs, are no more really in them, than Sicknefs or Pain is in Manna. Take away the Senfation of them, let not the Eyes fee Light, or Colours, nor the Ears hear Sounds; let the Palate not Tafl:e, nor the NofeSmell,and all Colours, Ta!les, Odors, and Sounds, as they are fuch particular Ideas, vanifl1 and ceafe, and are reduced to their Caufes, i.e. Bulk, Figure, and Motion of Parts ~ §. I 8. A piece of Manna of a fenlible Bulk, is able to produce in us the Ideas of a round or fquare Figure; and by being removed from one place to another, the idea of Motion. This Idea of Motion reprefents it, as it really is in the !ltunna moving: A Circle or .Square are the fame; whether in !dea or Exi!lence ; in the Mind, or in the Man•.: And this, both Motion and Figure are really in the Mamur, whether we take notice of them or no: This every Body is ready to agree to. Befides, Manna by the Bulk, figure, Texture, a·nd Motion of its Parts, has a Power to pr()-o: duce the Senliltions of Sickncfs, and fometimes of acute Pains, or Gripings in us. That thefc lrleas ofSicknefs and Pain, arc not in tbe Manna, bur EffeCts of its Operations on us, and are no where, when we feel them not: This -alfo every one readily agrees to. And yet Men are hardly to be I brought 57 |