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Show 2.61- Names of mi'!_ed Mod~s ~nd ~elations. Book III. CHAP. V. Of tl1e Names of mixed .5Modes and 1\.elations. §. r. THe Names of mixed Modes being general, they !land, :is i1as beet1 tllewn,for Sotts or Species of Things, each of which has its peculiar Elfcnce. The Elfences of thefe Species alfo,as has been fl1eived are nothing but the abfiraet Ideas in the Mind, to which the Name is an: nexed. Thus far the Names and Elfences of mixed Modes, have nothinn' but what is common to ihem, with other Ideas: But if we take a Iittl~ nearer furvey of them, we fl1all fi"d , that they have fomething peculiar which, perhaps, may deferve our attention. ' §. ~. Th~ fidl: Particularity I fl1all obferve in thelll is, that the abllract U-.s, or, 1f you pleafe, the Elfences of the feveral Species of mixd Mod~s ar< made by the Vndcrflanding, wherein they differ from thofe of lim pie Ideas:. in which fort, the Mind has n.o power to mal<e any one, but only rece1ves fuch as are prefented to It, by the real Exifiencc of Things operating upon it. §. J· ,In the, next place, thefe E.f[ences of the Sptcies ofmixtd Modei, ~re not only mad~ by the Mmd, but made very arbitrarily , made with· out Patterns, or reference to. any real ~xifience. Wherein they differ from t~ofe of Subllan.ces, wluch carry wtth them the fuppofition of fome realllemg, f~o~ wh1ch they are taken, and to which they are confer· mabie. But n11ts complex Idras of m1xed M:odes; the Mind rakes ali· b~rty nor ~o follow rue Exifience of Things exaCtly. It unites and re· ta1ns certain Colle'!:tons,.as fo many difiinet fpecifick Ideas, whilfi others, that. as oft~n occur m ~awre, and a.re as plainly fuggefied by outward l'lungs, pafs ne~lected, Without parttcular Names or Specifications. Nor doesd1e Mmd, m thefe of m1xed,Modes, as in the complex IdeaJ of Sub' fiances, exam1~e th~m by the real Extllence of Things ; or verifie them by Patterns, contammg fuch pecultar CompqfitiGns in Nature. To know whether Ius Idea .of Adultery, or ln~efi, be right, will a Man feek it ltny whereamongft Thmgs ~x1fimg! Or is it true, becaufe any one has been W1tnefs tofuch an AC!1on ?. No: but it ful!ices here, that Men have put,together fuch a Collecrton into one complex Jt!ea, that mokes the ,1\rc~ety'pe,and fpec1fick ltlea, whether ever any fuch ACtion were com· m1tted m rerum "atura, or no. §. 4· To underllancl this aright, we mull confider 1vherei11 tbis making of t!Jefe compte~ Ideas conffls; and that it is not in the making any ne1v Id~a, but putttng together thofe wluch the l\;1ind had before. Wherein the Mmd does thefe three things: Firfi, It chufes a certain number. &· condly? ltg1vesthem connexion, and makes them into one Idea. Third· ly, It t1es them together by a Name. If we examine how the Mind pro· cceds m thefe, and what It bert~ tt takes in them, we lhall eafily obfcrve, how thefe Elfencesof the Spec1es of mixed l\;1odes, are the Workmanfl1ip of the Mmd I and confequently, that the Species themfe!ves are of Men's lnakmg. 9. >· No body can doubt, but that thefe Neas of mixed Modes ore made by a voluntar:>: Colleaion of Ueas put together in the Mind, inde· J;e.ndfient from any ongmal Patterns in Nature, who will but refleCt thot t 11~ orr of COt;Pplexideas may be made,abfiraCted,and have names given them • and fo a .Specte; be confhtuted, before any one individual ot that Species Chap. V. Names of mixed Moder. Species .ever exified. Who cati doubt, but the IdeaJo[ Sacrilege,or Adul· tery, m•ght be framed m the Mmd of Men, and have names given them; and fo thde ,Spectes of mn~ed Modes be confittuted, before either of them was ever committed ; and might be as well difcourfed of, and reafon~ edabout, and as certain Truths difcovered of them, whilfl yet tHey had no being but in the Underfianding, as well as now. that they have but too frequently a real Exifience r Whereby it is plain, how much tke forts of mixed Mot!es are tbe Creatures of tbe Vnd<rf/ancling, where they have a Being as fubfervient to all the ends of real Truths and Knowledge as when they really ex ill: And we cannot doubt, but Law-makers hav~ often made Laws about Species of Afrions,_. hich were only the Creatures of their own U nderfianding ; Beings that had no other exiffence, but in their own Minds. And, I think, no body can deny, but that the Refur; rection was a Species of mixed Modes in the Mind, before it really exified. §. 6. To fee bow arbitrarily tbefe E.f!ences of mixed Modes are made by 'the Mind, we need but take a view of almoil: any of them. A 'little looking into them, will fatisfie us, that 'tis the Mind, that combines feve· ral fcattered independentideas,into one complex one; and by the common name it gives them, makes them the Elfence of a certai11 Species, without regulating it felf by any connexion they have in Nature. For what greater connexio:' in Nawrc,. has the Idea of~ Man , tha.n the Idea. of a Sheep With Ktllmg, that tlus IS made a parncular Spectes of Achon, fignified by the word Murder, and the other not! Or what Union is there, in Na; ture, between the Idea of the Relation of a Father, \vith 1\illing, than that of a Son, or Neighbour; that thefe are combined into one complex Mea, and thereby made the Elfcnce of the difiinC\ Species Parricide,whilfl the others make no difiinet Species at all ? But though they have made kil· fing a Man's Father, or Mother, a dlfiinSl: Species from killing his Son, or baughter; yet in fome other cafes, Son and Daughter are taken in too, liS well as father and Mother 1 and they are all equally comprehended in the fume Species, as in that of Incefi. Thus the Mind in mixed Modes arbitrarily unites into complex Ideas, fuch as it finds convenient; whilfi others that have altogether as much union in Narure, are left loofe, and never combined into one Idea, bccaufe they have no need of one n~me. 'Tis evident then, that the Mind; by its free choice, gives a coonexion to a certain number of Ideas ; whicl1 in Nature have no more union with one another, than others that it leaves out : Why elfe is the part of the Weapon, the beginning of the Wound is made with, t.1kert notice of, to make the difiinCt Species call'd Stabbing, and the Figure and Matter of the Weapon left out? I do not fay, this is done without IeatOn, as we /hall fee more by and by: but this l fay, that it is done by' the free choice of the Mind, purfuing its own ends ; and that therefore' thefe Species of mixed Modes, are the Workmanfl1ip of tile Underfian~ ling: And there is nothing more evident, than that for the mo£1: parr, m the framing thefe Ideas, the Mind fearches rfot its Patterns in Nature,' nor refers the Ideas it makes to the real exifience of Things; but puts fuch together, as may beft ferve its own purpofes, without tying it felf ta' a preoife intimation of any thing that really exifis. §. 7, But thourrh thefe complex Ideas, or Ej[enc~s of mixet! Modes, de-' pend on the Mind, and are made by it with great liberty ; yet they are •ot made at random, atld jumbled together without any reafon at all. Though thef~ complex; Ideas be not always copied from Nature, yet they· ~re always fuited to the end for which abfirad: lti.Js are made: And though they be Combiii:rtions 'made of Ideas, that are loofe ~noughi and Dd ,.. hirvc' |