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Show Primary f!!!.alities. li. Book II. brought to think, that Swutnefl and W!Jiunefs ar. not r.a!ly in .Manna ; which are but the effects of the opera nons of Manna, by. the monon, fize, and lif;ure of its Particles on the Eyes and Palate,as the pam and fickn efs caufed by Manna, are confuiTedly nothing but the. effects of its oP<:r•· tions on the Stomach and Guts, by the fize, monon, and figure of Its infenfible parts; (for by nothing elfe can a Body operate, as has been proved:) As if it could not operat~ on the Eyes and _Pa.Iate, and thereby produce in the·Mipd particular difhnct Ideas, wluch mIt !elf It has not, as well a.< we allow it can operate on the Guts and Stomach, and thereby prfxluce diftinCl: Ideas, whi~h in it felf it has not. Thefc Ideas being all ef!Cel:s of the operations of Ma~na, on. feveral parts of our Bodies, by the fize, figure, number, and motion of Its parts, why thofe produced by the Eyes and Palate, lhould rather be thought to be really in the Manna, than thofe produced by the Stomach and Guts; or why the pain and frcknefs, ideas that are the effetl:s of Manna, fhould be thought to be no-where, when they are not felt; and yet the fweetnefs and whitenefs, effects of the fame Man•a on other parts of the Body, by ways equal as unknown, fhould be thought to exift in the Manna, when they are not feen nor tafted, would need fome Reafon to explain. ~·'9· Let us-confider the red andwhitecoloursinPorpiJyr.: Hinder light, but from fl:riking on it, and its Colours vanifh ; it no longer pro· duces any fuch Ideas in us: Upon the retnrn of Light, it produces thefe appearances on us again. Can any one think .any real alterations are made In the Porpbyre, by the prefence or abfence of Light; and that thofe Ideas ofwhitenefs and rednefs, are really in Porpbyrdn the light, when 'tis plain it bar n• coloJtr in the dark ! It has, indeed, fuch a ()onfi. guration of Particles, both night and day, as are apt, by the Rays of Ligltt rebounding from fome parts of that hard Stone, te> produce in us the Idea of rednefS, and from <Jthers llhe Idea of whitenefS: But whitenefs or rednefs are not in it at any time, bur fuch a texture that hath the power to produce fuch a fenfation in us. §. 2.0. Pound an Almond, and the clear white Colour will be altered in to a'llirty one, and thefweet 1aff into an oily one. What real Alteration can thebeati11gofthe Pefrlemake in any Body, but an Alteration of the 1exture-ofitt · §. 2.1. Ideas being thusdiftinguifhed and underfto0d, we may be able to give an Account, how the fa.me Water, at the fame time, may produce the Idea of Cold by one Hand, and of Hear by the other: Whereas it is impoffible, that the fame Water, if thofe /Jcas were really in it, fi10uld ~t.the facnetimebe both Hot and Cold. for if we imagine Warmth, as lt LSinour HaNds, to be notJJingb~tt a certain fort .and degree of Motion i11 the minute Particles of our Nerves, or animal Spirits, we may under .. fiand, how it is poilible, that the fame Water may at the fame time produce the Senfation of Heat in one Hand, and Cold in the other · which yet Figure .never does, that never producing the Idea of a fquar; by one Hand,. whtch has 'Produced the Idea of a Globe by another. But if the Senfattoil of Heat and Cold, be nothing but the increafe or diminution of the morton of the min.ute Parts of our Bodies, caufed by theCorpufoles of any other Body, It ts eafie to be underftood, That if that motion be greater m o~e !:'land, .rhan. in the other; if a Body be applied to the two H~nds, which has mtts mmute Parucles a grmter motion, than in thofe of one of the Hands, and a lefS, than in thofe of the other it will in· creafe the motion of the one Hand, and leifen it in the othe~ and fo caufe the different Senfutions of Heat and Cold, that depend theredn. Chap. VIII. Secundary fZ!!alities. §. u. I have, in what juft goes before, been engaged in Phyfical Enqu iries a little farther than, perhaps, I intended. But it being neceJTa. ry, to make the Nature of Senfation a little underftood 1 and to make the diffuence 6etu>ecn the Qga!itier in Bodies, and the Ideas produced 6y them in the Mind, to be diftinctly conceived, without which it were impolTible to difcourfe intelligibly of them : I hope, I fiJa!l be pardoned this little Excurf1on into Natural Philofophy, it being necelfnry in our prefent En· quiry, to diftinguifh the primary, and real Q_ualities of Bodies, which are always in them, (viz. Solidity, Extenfioo, ~·igure, Number, and Motion, or Reft, and are fometimcs perceived by us, viz. when the Bodies they are in, are big enough fingly to be difcerned) from thofe ftcundary and imputetl r2.Jialities, which are but the Powers of feveral Combinations of thofe primary ones, when they operate, without being diftinctly difcer- . ned ; whereby we alfo may come to know what Ideas are, and what are not Refemblances of fomerhing really exifl:ing in the Bodies, we denomi· nate from them. §.,. ;. The Q.ga!ities then that are in in Bodies rightly confidered, are of lbr:e forts: Firjl, The Bulk, Figure, Number, Situation, ahd Motion, or Rejl of .their folid Parts; thefe are in them, whether we perceive them or no; and when they are of that fize, that we can difcover them, we have by thefe an Idea of the thing, as it is in it felf, as is plain in artificial things. Thefe I call primary Qyalities. Seco•d/y, The Power that is in any Body, bJ Reafon of its infenfible primary Qyalities, to operate after a peculiar manner on any of our Senfes, and thereby prod11ct in us the.diffcrent IdcaJ of feveral Colours, Sounds, Smells, Tafts, ~c. Thefe are ufually called fenftble ~alities. · lbird/y, The !'.ower that is in any Body, bJ Reafon of the particular Conftitution of its primary OJ!alitics, to make fuch a cbange in the Bulk, Figur~, lextur_e, and Motion of another Body, as to make it operate on our Senfes, differently from what it did before. Thus the Sun has a Pow• er to make Wax white, and Fire to make Lead fluid. The Firfi of thefe, as has been faid, I think, may be properly called re· a!, Original, or primary 0!alities, becaufe they are in the things them· felves, whether they are perceived or no.: and upon th~ir different Modi· fications it is, that the fecundary ~alities depend. · The other two, are only Powers to act differently upon other things, which Powers refult from the differ~nt Modifications of thofe primary ~ali ties. §. '-4· But though theft two later forts of Q;jalities, •re Prnocrs barely, and nothingbut Powers, relating to feveral other Bodies, and refulting from the different Modifications of the Original ~alities ; yet they are, generally otherWife thought o£ For tbe Second fort, vh. The Powers to producefeveral Ideas in us by our Senfes, arc looked upon OJ real Qyali· tics, in the things thus affeCting us: But the Third fort arc call'd, and e· j}eemed larely Powers. v. g. the Idea of Heat,or Light, which we receive by our Eyes, or touch from the Sun, are commonly thought real Qgali· tics, exifting in the Sun, and fomething more than barely Powers in it But when we confider the Sun, in reference to Wax, which it melts, or blanches, we look upon the Whiteoefs and Softnefs produced in the Wax, not as Q\!alitics in the Sun, but Effects produced by Po11•ers in it: whilft I 2. yet 59 |