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Show 206 Names of Mixed Modes. Book III. Idea feveral loofe ones; nod by that Name, giving a Jailing Union to the Parts which would otherwife ceafe to have any, as foon as the Mind '!aid by that abfl~ Idea, ~nd ceafed aCl:ually to think on it. But when a Name is once annexed to tt, where10 the pans of that complex Idea have a fetled and permanent Union; then is the Elfence, as it were, ·eflablifh. ·cd, and the Species look'~ on as compleat. _For to what purpofe ihould the Memory charge it felf With fuch Compofiuons, unlefs 1t were by AbflraCl: ion to make them. general ? And to what purpofe make them general, unlefs it were, that they might have general Names, for the convenience of Difcourfe and Communication ! Thus we fee, that killing a Man with a Sword, ~r a Hatchet, are looked on as no diflin~'l: Species of Action : But if the Point of the Sword fir(\ enter the Body, it palfes for a diflintl: Specier, where it has a diflinCl: Name, as in England,. in whofe Language it is called StabMng: But 10 another Country, where Jt has not happened to be fpecified urider a peculiar Name, 1t patTes nor for a diflinct Species. But in the Species of corporea!Subflances,rhough 1t be the Mind that makes the nominal Effence : yet Iince thofe Ideas, which are combined in it are fuppofcd to have an Union in Natu re, _w!Jether th~ Mind joins the~ or no , therefore thofe are looked o~ as dJ!l10Cl: Spec1es, without any operation of the M10d, e1ther abflractmg, or g1vmg a Name to that com· plexldea. §. 12. Conformable alfo to what has been faid, concerning the E.f!ences of the Species of mixed Modes, that. they are the Crearures·of the Underflanding, rather than the Works of Nature: Conformable, I fay, to this, we find that thetr Names lead our Tbougbts to the Mind, and 11o f arther, ~hen we fpeak of 1uflice,_ o~ Gratit~de, we frame to our felves no ImagmatlOn of any thmg extflmg, whtch we would conceive. but our Thoughts terminate in the abflraCl: lde~s of thofe Vertues, ?·nJ look not farther; as they do, when we f~eak of a~ Horfe, or Iron, whofe fpecifick Ideas we conlidern'?t,_ as barely 10 the Mmd, but as in Things themfelves, whtch afford the ongmal Patterns of thofe ideos : but in mixed Modes at leafl the mofl conliderable part o~ the'!', which are moral Beings, w~ confider the ongmal Patterns, as bemg 10 the Mind ; and to thofc we refer for the diftinguifhing of particular Beings under Names. And hence I think it is, That thefe Effences ?f the Species of mixed Modes, are by a. more particular Name called Notzons ; as by a peculiar Right appertain-ing to the U nderflanding. ' §.I 3· This alfo !hews us the Rcafon, Why the complex Ideas of mixed MDdes, are commoniJ more compound~d, and decompounded, tba11 thofe of •atMr~l Su6f/an~es. Becaufe they bemg the Workmanfhip of the Under• !\andmg, purfumg only Its own ends, and the conveniency of exprelling 10 lhort, thofe ldea_s Lt would make known t~ another, does with great hberty umte often mto one abflrad: Idea, Thmgs that in their Nature !~ave no coherence ; and founder one Term, bundle together a great vanety of compounded, and decompounded ldeas. Thus the Name of Pro-· cellion, what a great mixture of independent ideas of Perfons Habits Tapers, Ord~rs, Motions, Sounds, does it contain in that complex one: whtch the Mmd of Man has arbitranly put together to cxprels by that one Name ' Whereas the complex Ideas of the fort; of Subflances are ufually made up of only a fmall number of lim pic ones ; and in the 'spe. aes of Ammals, thofe two, vi<. Shape and Voice, commonly rtlak~ the whole nommal EtTence. §. ' 4· Chap.'V. Namcr of mixed Modes and Relations. §. '4· Anuther thing we may obferve from what has been f~ id, is, That tht fhmes of mixed Modes always fignife (~rh en they have any diflin:1 Signification) tbe "'" E{{ences of their Species.For thefe abflra·ct lde,u,beingJhe Workmanfiup of the Mmd,and not referred to ~he real Exiflence of Things, there LS nofuppolinon of any thmg more ligmfied by that Name, but barely that complex Idea the Mmd Lt lelf has formed, which is all it would have exprc(,'d by it ; and is that, on which all the properties of the Species depend, and from which alone they all flow: and fo in thefe, the real and nominal Effence is the fame; which of what Concernment it is to the certain Knowledge of general Truths, we !hall fee hereafter. §. 1 ;. This alfo may fhew us the Reafon, Wl;y for the mof1 part the Names of mixed Modes are got, hej ore the Ideas tbey !!ant! for are perjdlly kwown. !Jecaufe there being no Species of thefe ordinarily t.ll<cn notice of, but wlm have Names; and thofe Species, or rather their EtTences, being abl\ract complex ideas, made arbitrarily by the Mind, it is convenient, if not necelfary, to know the Names, before one cndeavom to frame thefe complex ftfeaJ : unlefs a Man will fill his Head with a Company of abflraQ: complex JJeas, which others having no Name• for, he has nothing to do with, but to lay by, and forget again. 1 confcfs, thor in the beginning of Languages, it was necelfary to have the Idea, before bne gave it the Name : And fo it is fi ill, where making a new complex Idea, one alfo by giving it a new Name, makes a new Word. 'But this concerns not Languages made, which have generally ptetty well provided for i deas, which Men 'have frequent Occalion to have , ;nd comfmlnicate: And in fuch, I ask, whether it be not the ordinary Method, that Chi!· dren learn the Names of mixed Modes, before they have their Ideas, What one of a thoufand ever frames the abflraQ: idea of Glory -or Ambition, before he has heard the Names of them. In fimple Ideal and Subfiances, 1 confcfs it is otherwife; wl\icl\ being fuch ideas, as lla~e a real Exi!lence and Union irt Na ture, the ideas, or Names, arc gotten one before the other, as it happens. What has been faid here of mixed Modes, is with very little difference applicable alfo to Relations ; which Iince every Man himfelf nlayobferve, I may fpa re my felf the Pains to enlarge on : Erpecially, Iince what I have here faid concerning Words in this Third Book, will poffibly be thought by fome to be much more than what fo /light a Subjetl: required. I al· low, it might be brought into a narrower Compafs: but I was will ing to !lay my Reader on an Argument, that appears to me new, and a little out of the way , ( I am fure 'ti< one, I thought not of, when I began to Write,) That by fearching it ro the bottom, and turning 1t on eve~y fide, fome part or other might meet With every one's Thoughts, and gtve Occafion to the moflaverfe, or negligent! to reflect on a g~n eral Mrfcarnage; Wh1ch, though of gre~t confequcnce, 1.1 lttt!e taken notice of. When Lt 1< conlidered, what a pudder is made about Elfences, and t;ow much all fonsofKnowledge Difcourfe and Converfat1on, are pefler d, and difor· der'd by rhe carelefs, and co~fufed Ufe and Applica~ion of Words, it will; perhaps be rhought worth while throughly to lay lt open. And I fl1all be pard~n'c! , if I have dwelt long on an Argument, \vhich I think therefore needs to be iMt>lcated; becau!e the Faul ts, Men are ufually gmlty of in this kh1d, are not only the greatefl hinderances of true Knowledge; but are j(j "'ell thought of; as to pafs for it. Men would often fee what • fma ll pittance of Ke~fon and Truth, or poffibly none at all, LS mtxed With thofe hulling Opinions they arc fwell'd with ; if they would but look beyond fafi1ionablc Sounds, and oLferve what Ideas are, or arc not com prehendcd |