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Show 1883.] MR. F. MOORE ON LIMNAINA AND EUPLCEINA. 213 Subfamily EUPLCEIN.CE. Danai festivi, Linnaeus. Festivi, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 39 (1793); Turton, Syst. Ent. ii. p. 54 (1806). Limnades, Hiibner, Verz. bek. Scbmett. p. 14 (1816). Danaina^ of modern authors. Euplceina, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, p. 1 (1880). Fore wing with the submedian vein double at its origin. Most genera also with an incipient or lengthened discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell of fore wing. Abdomen furnished with odoriferous anal tufts of hair. Larva smooth, with fleshy processes. Group ? Danaoid Heliconida, Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiii. pp. 496 517(1862). This group of Butterflies I consider to be quite distinct from the next. They differ in the form of outline in the wings, and, though having similar venation in the fore wing, the basally forked sub-median, and in most of the genera tbe more or less lengthened discoidal (or recurrent) veinlet (in some genera two such veinlets) emitted within the cell, and, although the hind wing possesses a more or less defined small precostal (or basal) cell, this latter wing has a much larger discoidal cell, and also has (in Lycorea halia) a single discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell; whilst in others (Sais rosalis and Mechanitis lysimnia) the costal and subcostal veins are amalgamated, and consequently the precostal cell is absent, and the discoidal veinlet within the cell is present; but in the former species (Sais) there are two such veinlets in both wings of the female, aud two in fore wing of female 31. lysimnia. In Ithomia (sp. 1) the costal and subcostal veins of the hind wing run close together from their base along edge of the margin, both wings also having a short discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell. In this group, the males, besides possessing odoriferous tufts of hair at the extremity of the abdomen, have in some genera an odoriferous tuft of hair also on the subcostal vein along the upper side of the hind wing2. 1 Linnaeus used the name Danaus in both sections of his Papilio Danai {D. candidi and D.festivi). In 1777 Esper (Die Schmett. i. p. 53) used it as a generic name for species of Pierina?, representing Linnseus's D. candidi ; and in 1784 Esper (Natur. des Linneischen Systems, p. 214) again cites it for species of Pierinaj. Fabricius (Ent. Syst. iii. p. 39, 1793) and Weber (Nomen. Ent. pp. 99, 106, 1795) separated the modern Danainas under the name of Festivi, and restricted the term Danai to the D. candidi of Linnaeus. In 1798 Cuvier (Tableau Element. d'BZist. Nat. p. 590) cites species of Pierinaa only under Danai. Panzer, in 1801 (Faun. Ins. Germ. Hefte 73-84, p. 11), also adopts Danaus, generically, for species of Pierinae; and, in 1806, Turton (Gen. Syst. of Entom. p. 64) also restricts the Danai to species of Pierime. The name "Danaus," as applied by Latreille in 1805-09, cannot, therefore, be retained in this group of Butterflies. 2 See Fritz Muller's "Notes on Brazilian Entomology (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1878 p. 211), and translation by R. Meldola of Dr. Fritz Muller's paper on Itunci and Thyridia, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, ' Proceedings,' p. xx. |
