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Show 1883.] 'LIGHTNING' AND ' P O R C U P I N E ' EXPEDITIONS. 105 Fossil. Pliocene: Antibes, Italy, and Rhodes. Post-tertiary: S. France. T. striatus and its varieties have many synonyms, including (from my examination of tbe types) T. gravesi of Forbes, T. ruscurianus of Weinkauff, T. littoralis of Brusina, and T. fraterculus of Monterosato. This common species is extremely variable as regards the height of the spire, colour, sculpture, and the comparative prominence of the basal keel. The small striae which intersect the spiral ribs are either fine and close-set, or coarse and comparatively few in number, and sometimes are altogether wanting. T. unideutatus of Philippi may be another variety of the present species. 28. TROCHUS EXASPERATUS, Pennant. T. exasperatus, Penn. Brit. Zool. iv. p. 126 : B. C. iii. p. 324 ; v. p. 203, pi. lxiii. f. 3. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. Vigo B., Tangier B. ; Med. Algesiras B., G. Tunis. Bistribution. S. England, Ireland ?, Scotland ?, Atlantic coasts of France, Spain and Portugal, Mediterranean, Black Sea, Adriatic, Morocco, Canaries, Madeira, and Azores; 0-105 fms. Fossil. Pliocene: Italy, Archipelago, and Rhodes. Post-tertiary : Wexford ?, Selsea, Antibes. The opinion which I ventured to express in my work on British Conchology (hi. pp. 323, 325) that this species is the same as T. striatus, or a variety of it, has been strengthened by further observation and experience. Among the synonyms of the present species are T. erythroleucus, T. strigostts, and 2*. punctulatus of Gmelin, 2*. exiguus of Pulteney, T. crenululus of Broechi, T. pyra-midatus of Lamarck, T. matonii of Payraudeau, and T. elegans of Blainville. 29. TROCHUS WTSERI, Calcara. T. wiseri, Calc. II Maurolico, 1841, p. 31, t. iv. f. 14. « Porcupine' Exp. 1«70 : Atl. St. 24 ; Med. 55. Bistribution. Bay of Biscay ('Travailleur' Exp. 1880 aud 1881), various parts of the Mediterranean (Tiberi and others) ; 40- 540 fms. Fossil. Pliocene: Italy. T. gemmalatus of Phiiippi, and T. scabrosus of myself not of Philippi. Distinct from T. clathratus of Aradas, to which Monterosato and Seguenza formerly, but not lately, referred it. It was apparently figured in pi. vi. f. 12 by Cantraine in his unfinished work, ' Malacologie mediterraneenne et littorale,' 1840, but without a name. 30. TROCHUS MILIARIS, Broechi. T. miliaris, Broc. Conch, foss. Subap. ii. p. 353, t. vi. f. 1. T millegranus, B. C. hi. p. 325 ; v. p. 204, pi. lxiii. f. 4. •Lightning' Exp. St. 5, 7. 'Porcupine' Exp. 1869: 1, 6, 14, 45 a, 45 6, 70,89 (dwarf), 8* |