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Show aH greater there than in thefe more Northern Climates; yet doubtlef3, where the Heat fo much exceeds ours, the whole Quantity eva- Wall 19 Degrees, andin free openAir, but 11 Degrees above the freezing Point. From the roth of Fanuary to the 29th of March was a verydry Seafon ; when the green porated in a Daythere, does as far exceed the Quantity that falls by Night in Dew, as the Wheat was generally the fineft that was ever Quantity evaporated here in a Summer's Day, remember'd: But from the zgth of March is found to exceed the Quantity. of Dew which 14725, tothe 29th of September following, it falls in the Night. rained more orle{s almoft every Day, except But the Dew which falls in a hot. Summer ten or twelve Days about the Beginning of Seafon, cannot poffibly be of any Benefit to Fuly ; and that whole Seafon continu'd fo very the Roots of Trees, becaufe it is remanded cool, that the Spirit in the firft Thermometer back from the Earth by the following Day’s rofe but to 24 Degrees, except nowand then Heat, before fo fmall a Quantity of Moifture can have foaked to any confiderable Depth. The great Benefit therefore of Dewin hot Weather, muft be by being plentifully imbib’d into Vegetables, thereby not only re- a fhort Interval of Sun-fhine; the fecond only to 20 Degrees, the fifth and fixth to 24 and 23 Degrees, with very little Variation: So that during this whole Summer, thefe Parts of Roots which were two Feet under-ground, frefhing them for the prefent, but alfo fur- had three or four Degrees more Warmththan nifhing them with a freth Supply of Moifture thofe which were but two Inches undertowards the great Expences of the fucceeding ground: And at a Medium, the general DeDay. gree of Heat through this whole Simmer, both It is therefore probable, that the Roots of above and under-ground, was not greater ‘Trees and Plants are thus by means of the Sun’s than the Heat of the Middle of the preceding Warmthconftantly irrigated with frefh Supplies September. of Moifture; which by the fame means infinuates itfelf with fome Vigour into the THLASPI, [Oadoem, fo call'd of Sade, to Roots: For ifthe Moifture of the Earth were compre/s or (queeze together, becaufe the Husk not thus a¢tuated, the Roots muft then re- of it is very much compreffed.] Mithridate ceiveall their Nourifhment merely by imbibe- Muftard. ing the next adjoining Moifture from the The Charaéfers are ; Earth ; and confequently the Shell of the The Flower confifts of four Leaves, which Earth, next the Surface of the Roots, would are plac’d in formof a Crofs ; out of whofe Cup always be confiderably drier, the nearer it is rifes the Pointal, which afterward becomes a to the Root, which I have not obferv’d to {mooth, roundifo Fruit, having commonly a leafy be fo. Border, and flit on the upper Side, divided into And by Experiment 18 and 19, the Roots wo Cells by an intermediate Partition plac'd ob~ would be very hard put to it to imbibe fuffi- liquely with vefpect to the Valves, and furnifod cient Moifture in dry Summer Weather, if it with fmooth, roundifo Seeds. To thee Marks were not thus convey’d to them by the penemuft be added, the undivided Leaves whith trating Warmth of the Sun: Whence, by diftinguifh it from Creffes, the fame genial Heat, in Conjunétion with the The Species are ; Attraction of the Capillary Sap-Veffels, it is 1. Turaspr; arvenfe, filiquis latis. CB.P. carry’d up thro’ the Bodies and Branches of Ficld Mithridate Muftard, with broad Pods. Vegetables, and thencepaffing into the Leaves, z. THLAsPI ; montanum,fempervirens. CBP. it is there moft vigoroufly a@ted upon in Mountain ever-green Mithridate Muftard. thofe thin Plates, and put into an undulating 3. Tuiasp1; Creticum quibufdam, flore ruMotion by the Sun’s Warmth, whereby it is bente & albo. F. B. Candy Mithridate Mufmoft plentifully thrownoff, and perfpired thro” tard, with a reddifh and white Flower, ¢omtheir Surface; whence, as foon as it is difinJ tangled, it mounts with great Rapidity in the monly cail’d Candy 'Tuft. 4. Tuiaspr; umbellatum, arvenfe, amafree Air. rum, F B. The bitter Field umbellated But when, towards the latter End of Of0Mithridate Muftard. ber, the Vigour of the Sun’s Influence is fo g. Tuiaser; Rofa de Hierico ditium. Mor. much abated, that the firlt Thermometer was Hifi. Mithridate Muftard, cai/’d 'The Rofe fallen to three Degrees above the freezing ofJericho. ied Point; the fecond to 10 Degrees, the fifth to The firft Sort is fometimes found wild in 14 Degrees, and the fixthto 16 Degrees; then England, but not near London, ‘This is ths the brisk Undulations of the Moifture of the Sort which the College of Phyficians have or Earth, and alfo of the afcending Sap much der’d the Seeds to be us’din fome of the sn abating, the Leaves faded andfell off Medicines of the Shops; tho’ theSeeds o _ The greateft Degree of Cold, in the follow- feveral other Plants are commonly fubftirured ing Winter, was in the firft twelve Days of inftead of it, becaufe the Seeds of this Sort are November ; during which time, the Plants the the firft Thermometer, was fallen four Spirit in not very common in London ; but below the freezing Point, the deepeftDegrees might beeafily cultivated in fuch Plenty, 4S Ther- to furnifh the Town with the right Sort, the mometer ten Degrees: The Ice on Ponds was Plant being extream hardy, and requires no an Inch thick: The Sun’s greateft Warmth, other Culture but to fow the Seeds in ree fot oO Solftice, in a very ferene, calm, open Spot of Ground ; and when tne Ys Was againft a South Afpeét of a upon an Plants are come up, they muft be conttantly clear'd TH T H clear’d from Weeds : In Fune theywill flower, and the Seeds will ripen foonafter ; when the whereit is preferv’d in Green-houfes with other Exotick Plants for the Beautyof its Flowers, which are commonly continu’d throughout the whole Year, making a very beautiful Figure in the Green-houfe at fuch Seafons when few other Plants are in Flower, This Plant maybe propagated by planting either Cuttings or Slips during any of the Summer Months, in Pots fill’d with frefh, light Earth, and plac’d under a Frame, obferving to water and fhade them until they have taken Root, after which they may be expos’d to the Plants do always perifh, being annual. The other Sorts are commonly cultivated in Flower-Gardens, where formerly they were fown for Summer Edgings to Borders; but as they are apt to grow too rank for that Purpofe, fo the better Wayis to fow the Seeds in fall Patches in the Middle of the Borders between the taller Flowers; and when the Plants are come up, theyfhould be thin’d, and kept clear from Weeds, which will caufé them to flower much ftronger than if they are drawn up weak. Thefe Plants do flower in Fune and Fuly, and their Seeds do ripen foon after: But in order to have a Succeffion of thefe and other fmal] annual Flowers, many Perfons do fow them at two or three different Seafons, viz, in March, April and May ; by which Means they continue them until the Froft comes in Autumn ; but thofe Seeds which are fown late in the Spring, fhould be carefully water'd in dry Weather, otherwife theyfeldom grow. The red and white Candy ‘Tufts, do vary fo as not to be kept feparate ; the Seeds of the Red producing fome white Flowers, and thofe of the White fome with red ones ; but of late, the Litter umbellated Sort has been cultivated in Gardens, and the Seeds fold in the Shops, by the Name of White Candy Tuft, tho’, in reality, it is a different Plant: However, as this Sort produces beautiful white Flowers, it fhould have a Place in the Bor- open Air, and whenthey have gotten ftrong Roots, they maybe eachtranfplanted into a feparate Pot fill’d withlight, frefh Earth, and may be plac’d amongft other hardy Exotick Plants in the open Air in Summer ; but in Winter they muft be fereen’d from fevere Froft, tho’ in mild Weatherthey fhould have as much free Air as poffible. Bur altho’ thefe Plants are generally preferv’d in Pots, and plac’d in a Green-houfe in Winter, yet after they have acquir’d Strength, they may be planted in warm, dry Borders 5 where, if the Soil be frefh, and not too rich, they will endure the Cold of our ordinary Winters very well without any Covering : And the Plants thus treated will flower muchbetter than thofe kept in Pots, The ftrip’d Sort is propagated as the plain, and muft be treated in the {ame manner, but being fomewhat tenderer, muft be conftantly fhelter’d in Winter, otherwife it will be deftroy’d in a {mall Froft, ders of the Flower Garden for the fake of Variety. THISTLE; vide Carduus. The Rofe of Fericho isa Plant of no great Beauty or Ufe, {0 is feldom cultivated except THORN-APPLE; vide Stramonium. in Botanick Gardens. This requires the fame Culture as the former Sorts, and is alfo an THORN, the Glaftenbury ; vide Mefannua] Plant. pilus, THLASPIDIUM ; is fo call’d of Thia/pi, becaufe it fomething refembles this Plant.] Baftard Mithridare Muftard. The Characters are ; The Flower confits of four Leaves, which are plac’d in Formof a Crofs, out of whofe Cup rifes the Pointal, which afterwards becomes a double, finooth Fruit, compos’d of two Parts, that are feparated by an intermediate Partition, each of which [wells with a red Seed, which is Renerally flat and oblong. The Species are ; 1, Tuiaspiprium3; fruticofum, leucoii folio, Semperflorens. Tourn. Shrubby TZbla/pidium, with a Wall-flower Leaf, and always flower- ing, commonly call’d The Candy Tuft-tree. THUNDER is defin’d by fome to be a Noife in the loweft Region of the Air, excited by a fudden kindling of fulphureous Exhalations, Some alfo account forit, by fuppofing two Clouds impending over one another ; the upper and rarer whereof becoming condens’d by a frefh Acceffion of the Air, rais’d thither by Warmth from the lower Parts of the Atmofphere, or driven upon it by the Wind, im- mediately falls forcibly down upon the lower and denfer Cloud ; by which Fall the Air interposd between the two being comprefs’d, that next the Extremities of the two Clouds is {queez’d out, and leaves Room for the Extremity of the upper Cloudtoclofe tight upon 2. TuLasprpium ; frutico{um, leucoii folio the under 5 thus a great Quantityof Air is inVariegato, femperflorens. Tourn. ‘The ftrip’d clos’d, which efcaping through fome winding Candy-Tuft-tree ; vuigé. irregular Vent or Paffage, it occafions the There are feveral other Species of this Plant Noife we call Thunder. which are preferv’d in curious Botanick GarBut this only reaches to the Phenomena of dens, moft of which are annual, and have lit- Thunder heard without Lightning s and, in tle Beauty in their Flowers, therefore I hall effect, we have nowabetter Solution: a hat not enumerate them in this Place, fince they Jhunder isnot occafion’d bythe falling of the are rarely cultivated in Flower-Gardens. Clouds, but by the kindling of fulphureous The firft of thefé Plants here mention’d is Exhalations in the fame manner as the Noife : Pretty common in the Gardens near London, of Aurum Fulminans. Sir |