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Show Word ———__.. are produc’d, and thofe Shoots whichare pro- duc’d fromftrong Eyes, fhould be faften’d to the Stakes to prevent their being broke off by the Wind. This Management fhould be repeated at leaft every three Weeks, from the Beginning of May to the End of July; by which Means, the Shoots which are train’d up for the fucceeding Year will not only be ftronger, but alfo better ripen’d and_prepar’d for Bearing, becaufe they will have the Advantage of Sun and Air, which is abfolutely neceflary to prepare their Juices ; whereas, if they are crowded by a Numberof{mall dangling weak Branches, they will fhade and exclude the Rays of the Sun from the other Shoots, and fo by detaining the Moifture a longer time amongft the Branches, occafion the Veffels of the young Woodtobeof a larger Dimenfion, and hereby the crude Juice finds an eafy Paflage thro’ them; fo rhat the Shoots in Autumn feem to be moftly Pith, and are of a greenifh immature Nature ; and where-ever this is obferv’d, it isa fure Sign of a bad Qua- lity in the Vines. The Soil alfo fhould be conftantly kept clean, becaufe if there are any Vegetables, (either Weeds or Plants ofother Kinds) growing between the Vines, it will detain the Dews longer, and bytheir Perfpiration occafion a greater Moifture than wouldbe if the Ground were intirely clear; fo that thofe who plant other Things between their Rows of Vizes, are guilty of a great Error. At Michaelmas the Vines thould be prun’d, which Seafon I approve ofrather than the Spring (for Reafons given already); produc’d, onornear the Surface ofthe Ground they fhould be prun’d off clofe to the Pie where they were produc’d ; thefe being what the Vignerons call Day Roots, and are by no means neceffary to beleft on: Andafter havine dug the Ground, the Stakes fhould be plactd down in the following manner: On each Side of the Vine thould beaStake, put in at about fixteen Inches from the Root, to which the two Branches, which were prun’d to three Eyes each, for Bearing, fhould be faften’d (obferving, as was before direéted, not to draw them downtoo horizontally) 3 then ano: ther taller Stake fhould be plac’d down near the Foot of the Vine, to which the two Shoots which were prun’d down to two Eyes, thould be faften’d, provided they are long enough for that Purpote 5 but if not, when hen Eyes begin to fhoot, thefe muft be train’d upright tothe Stakes, to prevent their trailing woe Ground, or being broke by the In Maythe Vines fhould be carefully look’d Over again, at which Time all weak lateral Branches fhould be rubb’d off as they are produc’d, and thofe Shoots which fhew Fruit, mutt be faften’d with Bafs to the Stakes to prevent their being broke, until they are extendedto three Joints beyond the Fruit, where they fhould be {topp’d: But the Shoots whichare defign’d for Bearing the following Seafon, fhould be kept train’d upright to the middle Stake ; by which Method the Fruit-Branches will not fhade thefe middle Shoots, nor will the middle Shoots fhade the Fruit 3 fo that each andthis will enjoy the Benefit of Sum and Air. _ This Method fhouldbe repeated every Fortnight or three Weeks, from the B nning of the two Shoots of the former Year, which were fhorten’d to three Eyes, have each of which will always keep the Shoots in their right Pofition, whereby their Leaves will not be being the third Year from planting, the Vines will begin to produce Fruit, therefore they muft be prun’d accordingly. Now fuppofe themproduc’d twoftrong Branches the Summer paft, then the uppermoft of thefe Shoots upon each Branch fhould be fhorten’d down tothree good Eyes (never including the lower Bye, which is fituate juft above the former Year’s Wood, which feldom produces any thing ex- cept a weak dangling Shoot); and the lower Shoots fhould be fhorten’d down to two good Eyes each 5 thefe being defign’d to produce vigorous Shoots for the fucceeding Year, and the former are defign’d to bear “Fruit: But where the Vives are weak, and have not pro- duc?d more than twoor three Shoots the aft Seafon, there fhould be but one of them left with three Eyes for Bearing, the reft muft be fhorten’d down to two, orif weak, to one good Eye, in orderto obtain {trong Shoots the following Su r 3 for there is nothing more injurious to Vires than the leaving too much Wood upon them, efpecially while they are young, or the over-bearing them, which will weakem “em fo much, as not to be recover’d again toa goodState in feveral Years, tho’ the fhould be manag’d withall poffible Skill. In March the Groun d between the Vines fhould be well dug, lug, obferving not to injure their Roots by d iZging ro too deep near them; but where there are {mall horizontal Roots May to the Middle or latter End ot ‘jul, inverted, which greatly retards the Growth of the F ruit, and by keeping the Vines conflantly clear from horizontal Shoots, the Fruit will not be crowded with Leaves and fhaded, but will have conitantly the Advantage ofSun and Air equally, which is of great Confequence 5 for where the Fruit is cover’d with thefe dai y ling Shoots in the Spring, andare afterwards expos’d to the Air, either by divefting thefe of their Leaves, or elfe difplacing their Br ches intirely, as is often practis’d, the Fr will become hard, VE VE Vel and remain at a perf Stand for three Weeks, and fometimes wil never advance afterwards, as I have feve times obferv’d; therefore there cannot be too much Care taken to keep them conftantly in a they expofe their Fruit to the Cold Dews, Expectation. As to the Fermenting and Managing the Wine, that is treated of particu- imbib’d by the Fruit, does greatly retard larly under the Article of Wines, which fall plentifully in Autumn, which being the Reader is defir’d to turn. The Vineyard being now arriv’d to a the pulling off thefe Leaves, which are abfo- lowing Manner: Firft, Inthe Pruning, there fhould never be too manyBranches left upon a Root, nor thofe too long; for although by doing of this, there may be a greater Quantity of Fruit produc’d, yet the Juice of thefe will never be fo good as when there is a mode rate Quantity of Fruit, which will be better Befides, when entirely expos’d to the Sun, as when they are gently fcreen’d with Leaves; and by lutely neceflary to prepare the Juices before they enter the Fruit, the grofs Parts of which are perfpir’d away by the Leaves, the Fruit mutt either be depriv’d of Nourifhment, orelfe fome of the grofs Particles will enter with the more refin’d Parts of the Juice, and thereby render the Fruit worfe than it would otherwile be, were the Leaves permitted to remain upon the Branches: Forif the weak dangling Shoots are conftantly difplac’d as they are produc’d, the Fruit will not be too much fhaded by the Practice of thofe who pull off their L from their Vines, which are plac’d near the Fruit, in order to let in the Rays of the Sun to ripen them ; not confidering how much ches rons, there is always a Claufe inferted in their upon each Vine, and the Numberof which the Barnches mutt be fhorten’d, becaufe were not the Vignerons thus ty’d down,’ they to be much better, becaufe there will not be near fo greata Quantity of Nourifhment enter Years they would exhautt their Roots, and ren- the Fruit, whereby the watry Particles will have Time to evaporate, and the Juice will be better digefted. his is practis’d by fome of the moft curious Vignerons in the South of would overbear the Vises, E fo that in a few der them fo weak, as not to be recover’d again in feveral Years, and their Wine would be fo bad, as to bring a Difreputation on the Vine- yard, to the great Lofs of the Proprietor. The Number of Branches which the JtaFrance, where they make excellent Wine. But if after the Fruit be cut, it is hung up ina lians do generally agree to leave upon a dry Room upon Strings, fo as not to touch ftrong Vine, are four; two of the ftrongeft each other for a Month before they are prefs’d, it will alfo greatly add to the Strength of the have four Eyes, and the two weakerare fhorten’d down to two Eyes each; which is very Wine, becaufe in that Time a great Quantity of the watery Parts of the Juice will evaporate. This is a conftant Practice with fome Perfons, different from the common Practice in Eng- taken, either in the Culture of the Vines, or in making the Wine, it will not be near {fo good while the Vineyardis young, as it will be after it has been planted ten or twelve Years5 trees, when a greater Number of Fruit is left land, where it is ufual to fee fix or eight Branches left upon each Root, and thofe, perwho inhabit in the Ziroleze on the Borders of haps, left with fix or eight Eyes to each; fo Italy, where is made a moft delicious rich that if thefe are fruitful, one Root muft proW ine, as hath beenattefted by Dr. Burnet in duce near four times the Number of Bunches his Travels, and I have heard the fame from which the Jtalians do ever permit, andfo confeveral Gentlemen who have travelled that fequently the Fruit will not be fo well nourifh’'d, and the Roots will alfo be greatly Roadfince. But with all the Care that can poffibly be weaken’d ; as is the Cafe of all Sorts of Fruit-g and it will be conftantly mending until it is on than the Trees can nourifh. The next Thing is, conftantly to keep the Ground perfeétly clean between the Vines, never permitting any Sort of Plantsor Weeds to grow there: The Ground fhould alfo be ifty Years old, as is attetted by feveral curious abroad, asalfo bythe moft skilful Wine- carefully dug every Spring, and every third Perf Coopers at home, who can tell the Produce of Year fhould have fome Manure, which fhould a young Vineyard from that ofan oldone, after be of different Sorts, according to the Nature land, by the Colour of the of the Ground, or which can be moft conveniitis brought to Wine. This Difference is very eafily accounted ently procur’d. If the Land is ftiff, and inclinable to bind for, from the different Struéture of the Veffels of the Plants, thofe of young Vines being on the Surface, then Sea-Sand or Sea-Coal larger and ofa loofer Texture, do eafily admit Afhes are either of them very good Manure loofe and dry, of a larger Quantity of grofs Nourifhment to for it; but if the Ground be conftricted, and thereby the Juice diately complain of the Climate, or the Untowardnefs of the Seafon, which is too often a Cover for Negleéts of this Nature: And a I can’t help taking Notice of the Gentlemen abroadlet out Vineyards to VigneLeafes to direct how many Shootsfhall be left by the Generality of Gardeners, who, when imme- nourifh’d, and, the Roots of the Plants not fo much weaken’d, which is found to beoffo bad Confequence to Vineyards, that when Whenthe Fruit is ripe, if the Stalks of the Bunches are cut half through a Fortnight before they are gather’d, it will caufe the Juice pafs through them; whereas hofe of old Vines, which are more woody, are more clofely their Grapes fuffer by this Neglect, bearing State, fhould be treated after the fol- Leaves whichare upon the bearing Branches. kindly State of Growth, as the Vignerons abroad well know, tho? in England itislittle regarded to which no Fruit will ripen fo well them: is better ftrain’d in paffing through them, which muft confequently render it much better, tho’ the r, Grapes from a young Vineyard will be | and afford a greater Quantity of Juice: So that People fhould not be difcourag’d, if their Wines at firft are not fo good as they would with; fince afterward, when the Vineyard is a few Years older, the Wine may anf{wer their then’ Lime is the beft Manure for it. This muft be fpread thin upon the Surface of the Ground before it is dug, and in digging fhould be bury’d equally in every Part of the Vineyard. Thefe are much preferable to any Sort of Dung forVines, fo that it will be worth the Expence to procure either of them: And as they do require manuring but every third Year, fo where the Vineyardis large, it may be divided into three equal Parts; each of which may be manur’d in its Turn, whereby 9G the |
