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Show Wwii nearer Home, viz. at London and Paris; where n geain the Agreement is notfo great as betwee and L ire. ~. That the Variations of the Barometer are ereatett, as the Places are neareft the Poles. Thus, e.g. the Mercury at London has a greater Ranee by two or three Lines than at Paris ; ter than at Zurich : In fome a and at Places near the Equinoétial, there is fearce any Variation at all. zerland and Italy 8. That the Rain in is much great¢ in Quantity throughout the Wi be more abfurd thanto fee little paultry Squares, or Quarters of Wilderne/s-work in a magnificent large Garden. 2. Asto the Situation of Wilderneffes, they fhould never be placed too near the Habitation, becaufe the great Quantity of Moifture which is perfpired from the Trees, will caufe a damp unwholfome Air about the Houfe, which is often of ill Confequence. Nor fhould they be fituated fo as to obftruct any diftant Profped of the Country, whichfhould always be preferved where-ever it can be obtained, there y yet the Rains are being nothing fo agreeable to the Mind as an re more rainy Days unconfined Profpect of the adjacent Country. er of thofe Places. te But where the Sight is confined within the annual Rains that fall Limits of the Garden from its Situation, then e Proportion in the feveral Places we have any good Ob- there is nothing fo agreeable to terminate the fervations of, ftand thus: at Zurich the Depth Profpect, as a beautiful Scene of the various Kinds of Trees judicioufly planted ; and if it of the annual Rai i is fo contrived, that the Terminationis planted Inches ; at d contributes greatly to Rain, and that apparently by condenfing the fufpended Vapours, and making them defcend. ‘T hus very cold Months or Seafons are generallyfollowed immediately by very rainy ones; and cold Summers are always wet ones. 10. That high Ridges of Mountains, as the Alps, and the Snows they are covered withal, not only affect the neighbouring Places by the Colds, Rains, Vapours, €&c, they produce, but even diftant Countries, as England, often partakes of their E s —Thus the extraordinary Colds December 1408, and the Relaxations thereofwere felt in Italy and Switzer! feveral Days before they reached us. This 2 thinks is an Indication that they were driven from them to us, WILDERNESSES, if rightly fituated, artfully contrived, and judicioufly planted, are the greateft Ornamentsto a fine Garden: But it is rare to fee thefe fo well executed in Gardens, as to afford the Owner due Pleafure (efpecially if he is a Perfon of an elegant e) for cither they are fo fituated as to a diftant Profpedt, or elfe are not judily planted: The latter of whichis fcarce ever to be found in anyof our moft magnificent Gardens, very few of their Defigners er ftudying the natural Growth ofPlants, fo o place them in fuch manner, that they not obftruct the Sight from the feveral Parts of the Plantation which are prefented to the View: Therefore I fhall briefly fet down what has occurred to me from time to time, when I have confidered thefe Parts of Gardens, whereby a Perfon will be capable to form wi W i no means correfpond therewith. Befides thefe Hedges are generally train’d upfo high as to ob{trué che Sight from the Trees in the Quarters, which ought never to be done. In the next place, the Walks are commonly made to interfeét each other in Angles, which alfo fhews too forma! and trite for fuch Plantations, and are by no means comparable to fuch Walks as have the Appearance of Meanders or Labyrinths, where the Eye can’t difcover more than twenty or thirty Yards in Length; and the more thefe Walks are turned, the greater Pleafure they will afford. Thefe should now andthen Jeadinto an opencircular Piece of Grafs; in the Center of which may be placed either an Obelisk, Statue, or Foun- tain; and if in the Middle Part of the Wilderne[s there be contrived a large Opening, in the Center of which may be erected a Dome or Banqueting, Houfe, furrounded with a green Diftance ; for their Roots running andinterfering with each other, do draw the Nourith- ment away fafter than the Ground can fupply them; which caufes their Leaves to be finall, and, in dry Seafons, to decay andfall off long: before their ufual Time, and thereby renders the Plantation lefs agreeable. In the Diftribution of thefe Plantations, in thofe Parts which are planted with deciduous Trees, may be planted next the Walks of Openings, Rofés, Honey/uckles, Spirea frutep, and other Kinds of low flowering sheath: which may be always kept very dwarf, and may be planted pretty clofe together ; and at the Foot of them, near the Sides of the Walks, may be planted Primrofes, Violets, Daffodils, and many other Sorts of WoodFlowers, not in a ftrait Line, but rather to appear accidental, as in a natutal Wood. Behind the firft Row, of Shrubs fhouldbeplanted Syringa’s, Cytuffus’s, circularly, with the Concave toward the Sight, it have a muchbetter Effect thanif it end Plot of Grafs, it will be a confiderable Addition to the Beauty of the Place. Althea frutex, Mexerion’s, and other flowering in ftrait Lines or Angles, which are never fo agreeable to the Mind. 3. The Plants fhould always be adapted to the Size of the Plantation ; for “tis very abfurd ings, the Trees fhould rife gradually one above another to the Middle of the Quarters, and other flowering Shrubs of large Growth; thefe may be back’d with.many other Sorts of Stems will be hid from Sight, which will have flope down every Way to the Walks. By this Diftribution you will have the Pleafure of the flowering Shrubs near the Sight, to fee tall Trees planted in fmall Squares of a little Garden ; and {o likewife, if in large De- figns are planted nothing but {mall Shrubs, it will have a mean Appearance : It fhould alfo be obferved, never to plant Ever-greens amoneft deciduous Trees, but alwaysplace the Ever-greens in a Wilderne/s, or a feparate Part of the Wilderne/s by themfelves, and that chiefly in Sight, becaufe thefe afford a continual Pleafure both in Summer and Winter, when in the latter Seafon, the deciduous Trees do not appear {fo agreeable. 4. The Walks muft alfo be proportioned to the Size of the Ground, and not make large Walks in a {mall Wilderne/s (nor too many Walks tho’ fmaller) whereby the greateft Part of the Ground is employed in Walks: Nor fhould the grand Walks of a large Wilderne[s be too fmall; both of whichare equallyfaulty. Thefe Walks fhould not be entered immedi- ately from thofe of the Pleafure-Garden, but rather be led into by a {mall private Walk, which will render it more entertaining : Or} the large Walk be turned in Form of a Serpent, fo as not to fhewits whole Extent, the Mind will be better pleafed than if the Whole were open to the View. icles The ufual Method of contriving //i/der- neffes is, to divide the whole Compafs of Ground, either into Squares, Angles, Circles, or other Figures, making the Walks corre: fpondent to them ; planting the Sides of the Walks with Hedges of Lime, Elm, Ho an Idea of the true Beauties, which ought €&c. and the Quarters within planted wit! always to be ftudied in the Contrivance of various Kinds of Trees promifcuoutly without Wilderneffes. 1. Wilderneffes fhould always be proportioned to the Extent of the Gardens in which they are made, that they maycorrefpond in Magnitude with the other Parts of the Garden ; for it is very ridiculous to {ee a large Wildernefs planted withtall Trees in a fimall Spot of Ground ; and on the other hand, nothing can Order. But this can by no means be efteemed a judicious Method, becaufe hereby there vie be a great Expence in keeping the Hedges 0.4 large Wilderne/s in good Order, which inftea of being beautiful, are rather the reverfe ; tor as thefe Parts of a Garden fhould, ina Bree meafure, be defigned from Nature, fo what does 2 ever has the ftiff Appearance of Art, From the Sides of the Walks and Open- where fhould always be planted the largeit growing Trees; fo that the Heads of all the Trees will appear to the View; but their a vaftly different Effe& from the commen Method, where the Trees are plantedlargeand fmall, without any Order, fo that many times the largeft are next the Sight, and {mall ones behind them, juft according as it happens; in which manner the fmall ones, being overhung Shrubs of a middle Growth, which may be back’d with Laburnums, Lilacs, Gelder Rofes, Trees, rifing gradually to the Middle of the Quarters, from whence they fhould always whereby you will be regal’d with their Scent, as you pa{s thro’ the Walks; which is feldom obferved by thofe who plant Wilde : for nothing is more common than to fee Rofés, Honey-Suckles, and other{mall flowering Shrubs, and fhaded, do feldomthrive well. But in order to plant a Wildernefs with placed in the Middfe of large Quarters, under the Dropping and Shade of large Trees, ferent Sorts of Trees fhould be well confidered, that each may beplaced according to the Magnitude to which they generally grow ; Judgment, the ufual Growth of all the dif- where they feldom thfive; and if they do, the Pleafure of themis lo{t, becaufe they are fecluded from the Sight. If thefe Quarters are flightly dug every Winter, it will keep the Ground clean from noxious Weeds, and be a otherwife, if they are at firft planted one above another, as before directed, they will great Benefit to the Trees. they will always continue nearly in the fame and kept well mowed) there fhould be fome And the Expence not continue to grow in this Order many of doing this, where Labouris cheap,' canYears; for fome Sorts will greatly out-grow not be véry confiderable unlefs in very great the others, and therebyrender the Plantation Plantations. But befide thefe Grand Walks and Openbeautiful; but when they are placed according to their ufual manner of growing, ings, (which fhould always be laid with Turf, Order, which renders them very entertaining fmaller Serpentine Walks through the Middle of the Quarters, where Perfons may retire for Privacy. There need be nothing but the according to their Ground of the Place made level and kept portionable Diftance, hoed to clear it from Weeds, which will be is and not crowded fo clofe as Growth, no great Trouble to do with a Dutch Hoe, commonly practis’d, whereby there are four « Number of Trees planted which which is broad, and will make great Riddance ; i e them over to make them hand-d be; andthis clofe planting caufes themto and then ire to a creat Height, but then they want the fome. Thefe Walks need not be very broad, but fhould be turned in fuch a manner as not . Difufion of Branches; which is vaftly able to the Sight than a Parcel of to deviate far from the Middle of the QuarStems, with fcarcely any Heads, ter, becaufe there the Trees being largeft, yt will afford the ampleft Shade; five or fix Feet as is too often the Cafe in fome of the largeft will be a fufficient Width for thefe Walks, in Zardens in England, where, inftead of looklarge Quarters5 but in fmall ones, four Feet at a noble Parabola of Trees, with their i is full enough: By the Sides of thefe Private iding globular Heads, a Parcel of naked where Walks may alfo be fcattered fome Woodteme prefent themfelves to View ; and Flowers and Plants, which, if artfully planted, the Trecs are thus crowded they never thrive will have a very good Effect. half fo well, nor will they continue half fo long, as thofe which are al ow’d a proper to the Sight. ‘ Thefe Trees fhould alfo be allow’d 4 pro N z Tn |