OCR Text |
Show FR FR Force, and then the Water reaffumes its fluid But farther: It is evident from divers Experiments, that the Air does contain a Salt which is fuppos’d to be of the Natureof Nitre. If this be granted, and the Denfity Form. { Nowthat Cold andFreezing do proceed from fome Subftance of a faline Nature floating in the Air, it feems probable from hence, That all Salts, and more eminently fome particular ones, do prodigioufly increafe the Force and Effeéts of Cold, when mix'’d with Snow or Ice. It is alfo evident, that all faline Bodies do produce a Stiffnefs and Rigidity in the Parts of thofe Bodies into which they enter. : : : It appears by microfcopical Obfervations upon Salts, that the Figure of fome Salts, before they fhoot into Mafles, are thin, double- wedg’d like Particles which have abundance of Surface, in refpe& to their Solidity; and is the Reafon whythey {wim in Water, when once rais’d in it, tho’ {pecifically heavier. Thefe {mall Points getting into the Pores of the Water, wherebythey are alfo in fome meafure fufpended in the Winter-time, when the Heat of the Sun is not ordinarily ftrong enough to diflolve the Salts into a Fluid, to break their Points, and to keep them inperpetual Motion; being lefs difturb’d, are at more liberty to approach one another, and byfhooting into Cryftals of the Form above mention’d, do, by both their Extremities, infiauate themfelves into the Pores of the Water, and by that means freeze it into a folid Form. And it is apparent, that the Dimenfions of Water are increas'd byfreezing, the Particles of it being kept at fome Diftance from one another bythe Intervention ofthe ifick Matter. sut befidesthis, there are manylittle Volumes or {mall Particies of Air, included at feveral Dittances, both in the Pores ofthe watery Particles, and in the Interftices form’d bytheir {pherical F Nowby the Infinuation of the Volumes of Air are driven ateryParticles, and many of them uniting, form larger Volumes, which thereby have a greater Force to expand themfelves than when they are difpers’d ; and fo both enlarge the Dimenfions, and Ieffen the {pecifick Gravity of Water thus congeal’d into Ice. And hence (fays Dr. Cheyne, from whom this laft Account is taken) we mayguefs at the Manner how Water impregnated with Salts, Sulphurs, or Earths, which are not eafily diffolvable, mayformit felf into Metals, Ainc— rals, Gums, and other Foffils; the Parts of thefe Mixtures becoming a Cement tothe Particles of Water ; or getting into their Pores, change theminto thefe different Subftances, i For the fecond: As an Etherial Matter or Medium is generally allow'd to be the Caule of the Motion of Fluids; and as the Air it felf has all its Motion from the fame Prin- ciple; it follows, that all Fluids muft remain in a State of* Rett or Fixity, when that Matter lofes of its neceflary Force. And ntly, the Air being Jefs warm’d in t-time, by reafon ofthe Obliquity DET ns Rays, the Air is more denfe and _ d in Winter than any other Seafon of the ear FR of the Air allow’d, it will follow, that the We have divers Accounts in the Philofophical Tran{attions, of a freexing Rain whichtell in the Weft of Exgland in December 1672. This Rain, as foon as it touch’d any thing Barticles ofthis Nitre mutt likewife be brought above the Ground, as a Bough, or the like, nearer together, and thicken’d bythe Condenfation of the Air: As, on the contrary, immediately fettled into Ice, and by multi- a RarefaGion of the Air, and an Augmenti. plying and enlarging, the Ificles broke all down with its Weight; the Rain that fell tion of its Fluidity, muft divide and feparate them. on the Snow immediately froze intd Ice, without finking into the Snowat all. Andif the fame happens toall Liquors that have imbib’d or diffolv’d any Salt; ifthe Warmthof the Liquid keep the Salt exadly divided ; andif the Coolne(s of a Cellar, or of Ice, caufe the Particles ofthe diffoly’d Salt to approach, run into each other, and fhoot into Cryftals; Why fhould the 4i, which is allow’d to be a Fluid, be exempt from the general Lawof Fluids? Tis true, that the Nitre of the Air being grofler in Cold Weather than in Hot, muft have alefs Velocity; but ftill the Produ@ of its augmented Mafs into the Velocity that remains, will give it a greater Momentumot Quantity of Motion. Nor is there anything farther requir’d to make this Sale a@ with greater Force againft the Parts ofFluids; and this may probably be the Caule ofthe great Evaporation in Frofty Weather. This Aerial Nitre muft neceflarily promote the Concretion of Liquids; for it is not the Air, nor yet the Nitre that it contains, which gives the Motion to Fluids; ’tis the Etherial Medium: therefore a Diminution of the Motion of Reft arifes.from the Diminution of that Force. Now the Etherial Matter, which in the Winter-time is weak enough, mutt fill lofe more ofits Force by its Aion againft Air condens'd and loaded with large Particles ot Salt. It muft therefore lofe of its Force in Cold Weather, and becomes lefs difposd to maintain the Motion ofthe Fluids. In fine: The Air, during Froft, may be efteem’d like the Ice impregnated with Salt wherewith Liquors are icedin Summer-time It is very probable that thefe Liquors free -afon of a Diminution of the Motion o to prevent its Heat far off. The Froft was fo!low’d by g!owing Heats, and a wonderful Forwardnefs of Flowers and Fruits. FRITILLARIA; Fritillary or Checquer’d Tulip. The CharaGers; are The Flower confifts of fix Leaves, andis of the Bell-jhap d Lilly Flowers, pendulous, naked, and moft part chequerd: The Style of the comes an oblong Fruit, which is divided Cells, and fil’'d with flat Seeds, lying double Row: The Root confifts of two fleby bs, wh re for the moft part femi-globular, j 5 the Flower—ftalk. Species are 3 ILLARIA; ferotinas floribus ex flavo B. The late flowering Fritilary, enifh-yellow Flowers, commonly cal’d, the Leather Coat, or Common Fi itillary. 2. Eriritiaria; alba; pracox.C.B. J ite Fritilary. Frivtitanta ; alba, variegata. The C. B. Snakes-head Iris. : may alfo happen in the Air. Two proptt Quantitiesof different Salts being diffolv one hot Water, they floated undiftinguifhably © it, andretain’d a Capacity ro act in Conjun- er when ine Particles0° one Kind being no longer agitated by 4 ¢ Degree of Heat, fhot into Cr ; their Fluidity and Motion, vifibly feparatee themfelves from the other, which ftill com tinu’d fluid in the L or, and capable aGing feparately ous in fome Places, and remifs in others not ver ; or the Common Fritillary, by fome happens in Water impregnated with{ Liquor becomes cold, the fal the whole time ; whence he concludes, that a FRitiraria; ferotma, floribus ex flavo bys, major. Boerh. Ind. The great late ering Fritilary, with a greenifh yellow different Kinds, ’tis not improbable \ 12. FRiriviaria; flore ex rubro purpureo, O viridi variegato. Boerh. Ind. Fritillary with a reddifh Purple Flowerftrip’d with Green. 13. Friritiarsa ; flore ex pallidé viridi & ‘uiete purpureo variegato. Boerh. Ind. Fritilary with a Pale Green Flower, variegated with a The leaft Fritiflary, or {mall Perfian Lilly. folio Poligonati, Froft may be very fierce and dangerous on 17. Frrrmzarra; /utea, the Tops of fome Hills and Plains; while in fruktu breviore. Boerh. Ind. other Places it keeps at two, three, or four with a Leaf like Solomon’s Feet Diftance above the Ground, Rivers, Fruit. Lakes, Gc. and may wanderabout veryfuriThere are feveral other The white chequer’d Fritillary. TheAir (fays Mr. Boyle) well as Water, and impregn: lary, with double greenifh yellow Flower 11. Frititraria; nigra. Lob. Adv. Black Fritillary, A certain deep Purple. sentleman weigh’d a Sprig of an Ajb-Tree of 14. Fririzraria ; [fabella dia, froribus ex jaft three Quarters of a Pound: The Ice which pallidé rubicundo virentibus, EH. L. YVabella fritillary, was on it weigh’d 16 Pounds: That fome with a pale red greenith Flower. Perfons were frighted with the Noife in the f5. FRITILLARIA; maxima, fore obfolete Air, till they underftood that it was the Clat- purpura. Tourn. The greateft Fritillary, of a ter of Icy~Boughs dafh’d againft each other. worn out Purple Colour, commonly call’d the Dr. Beale obferves, that there was no con- Perfian Lilly. fiderable Froft obferv’d on the Ground during 16. Frivmxaria ; minima. Swert. Flor. beyond any thing in all Hiftory. =# gether ; and the Air isn Concretion byall its {core &ion upon feveral Occafio It made an incredible DeftruGion of Trees to. Fririrzarsa ; ferotina, floribus ex flavo~ virentibus, flore pleno. H. R. Par. Late Fritil- ITtLLaRia; flavo fore. Cluf. The Fy ttillary, 6. Frrritrarta; pracox, purpureo varie~ gata. C. B. Early Purple variegated Fritillary. > SRiITILLARIA 5 folio [plendente, flore majore, 1,0 purpuid variegato {plendente. Boerh. Ind Shining-leav’d Friti ary, with a large Green and Purple-fhining variegated Flower, ycall’d the Monfter. Many as lutea, maxima, : : Iealica, Greateft Yellowlcalian Fritillary, Flower which are Yeliow Fritillary, Seal, and a fhort Varieties of this propagated in -curious Flower-Gardens Abroad, (efpecially in Ho/— land) which differ in the Colour or Size of their Flowers ; but as thefe are only Varieties which were obtain’d from Seeds, fo it would be needlefs to mention them in this Place, fince there will be new Varieties obtain’d every Year where People are curious in fow- ing their Seeds. Thefe Plants are propagated either by Seeds, or Oft-fets from the old Roots: Bythe firft of which Methods new Flowers will be obtain’d, as alfo a larger Stock-of Roots in three Years than canbe obtain’d in twenty orthirty Years in the latter Method: I fhall therefore firft treat of their Propagation by Seeds. Having provided yourfelf with fome good Seeds, fav’d fromthe faireft Flowers, youmutt procure fome fhallow Pans or Boxes, which muft have fome Holes in their Bottoms to let out the Moifture : Thefe you fhouldfill with light freth Earth, laying a few Porfheards over the Holes to prevent the Earth from ftopping them; then having laid the Earth very level in the Boxes, @c. you muft fow the Seeds thereon pretty thick, covering it with fine The fifted Earth a quarter of an Inch thick. time for fowing the Seed is about the Beginning of Augu/t, for if it be kept muchlonger out of the Ground it will not grow; then place the Boxes or Pans where they may have the Morning Sun until 11 aClock, obferving, if the Seafon proves dry, to water them gently, as alfo to pull up all Weeds fo foon as they appear; for if they are fuffer'd to remain until they have taken deep Root into the Earth, they would drawthe Seeds out of the Ground whenever they are pull’d up. Toward the latter End of Sep y you fhould remove the Boxes, Gc. into a warmer Situation, placeing them under a Hedge or Wall expos'd to the South; in. which Place they may remain until the Middle of March, by which Time the gr |