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Show TU and the Leaves always remaining green, do afford an elegant Proipect in Winter. — They are of quick Growth, and generally rife with ftraic Stems, which is a great Addition to their Beauty ; and fince they are hardy enough to endure the Cold of our Climate in the open Ground, I doubt not but in a few Years we fhall have the Pleafure of feeing its beautiful Flowers, there being feveral Trees planted in the Gardens of fomecurious Perfonsnear London, where they have borne'the Coldof the three laft Winters without Shelter, and do make confibets derable Progrefs every Year. _ This Tree is quick of Growth; for his Excellency Collonel Fobnfon, the prefent Gover- told me, he had taken nour of South Carol many fmall Plants out of the Woods, and planted themnear his Habitation; which Trees in three or four Years were grown near twenty and fince thofe which have been Feet high planted in the open Air, in feveralcurious Gardens near London, have made fo great Progrefs, it is to be hop’d, that this Tree will become more frequent in England i For thefe beautiful Trees, which retain their Verdure throughout the Year, will be very ornamen- tal in Wildernefs Quarters, where being inter- mix’d with other Trees of the fame Growth, they will add to the Variety ; and when they do come to Maturity, fo as to produce Flowers, and Fruit in this Country, there are not any of the Flowering Trees yet known, that will afford a greater Pleafure than thefe ; which fhould excite a Curiofity in fuch People who have Opportunities of procuring fome of thefe Plants from Carolina, to bring over as many as they can, fince the great Variety of Places they are planted in, the more Chances there are oftheir fucceeding ; and when the Nature of the Plants are better known in England, they may be propagated in greater Plenty than This Tree muft alfo be obtain’d in Plants from Abroad, and increas’d by Layers as the former , for the Seeds have not fucceededin any Part of Europe, where they have yet been fown; and in the Woods of America, where they naturally grow, it is very difficult to find young Plants, the Cattle being fo fond of ’em, that they generallyeat off their Tops foonafter they appear above-ground ; but inlittle Iflands which are furrounded by Rivulets, fo that the Cattle can’t eafily get in, there are great Numbers of thefe Plants; therefore whoever would procure a Quantity of them, muft always have Recourfe to fuch Places as are unfrequented by Cattle. TURKS CAP; vide Lilium flore reflexo. TURKEY WHEAT; vide Mays. TURNIP; vide Rapa. TURNSOLE; vide Heliotropium. TURRITIS : Tower-Mutftard. The Charaéers are ; Che Flower confifts of four Leaves, which FEU VA expand in Form of a Crofs, out of whofe Em. palement rifés the Pointal, which afterwards being fo common near London, are generally fold in the Markets inftead of the third Sort, which is what thould always be ufed, as being by far the ftrongeft and moft valuable. The third Sort is generally found upon dry chalky Soils, in fhady Places, in diverfe Parts becomes a long fmooth Pod, which grows for the moft part upright, and opens into two Parts, it each of which are contain’d many fmooth Seeds, of England, the Roots of which are much The Species are 5 1. Turriris ; vulgator. 7. B. Tower-Muftard. 2. Turritis 3 foliis Common ACCARIA ; vide Lychnis, inferioribus Cichora- VACCINIA 3; vide Vitis Idea. ceis, ceteris perfoliate. Tourn. "Tower-Mut. tard, with its under Leaves like thofe of Cichory, and the upper Leaveslike Thoroughwax. 3. TurRitis; muralis minor. Pet. H. B, Wall-Crefs, or Tower-Muftard with Daife Leaves. 4. Turritis ; Leucoiifolio. Tourn. TowerMutftard with a Stock-gilliflower Leaf. There are feveral other Species of this Plant, which are preferv’d in curious Botanick Gardens for the Sake of Variety, butas they have little Beauty or Ufefulnefs, fo they are feldom cultivated in other Gardens. The three firft Sorts do grow wild upon Walls andBuildings in divers Parts of Exg/and, but the fourth Sort has not been difcover’d to growinthis Country, except in Gardens. They mayall be cultivated by fowing their Seeds upon a Bed oflight dry Earth in the Spring, and when the Plants are come up, they fhould be tranfplanted where they are to remain for good, obferving to water ’em until they have taken Root, after which they will require no farther Care, but to clear ’em from Weeds, and the fecond Year they will produce Seeds, after which the Plants never do continue. TUSSILAGO: Coltsfoot. The Charaéters are ; It hath a radiated Flower, whofe Disk conSifts of many Florets, but the Crown is compos'd of many half Florets ; the Embryo’s are incladed in a multifid Flower-cup ; which are afterwards turn’d to downy Seeds, fix'd in a Bed. Io which Notes may be added, The Flowers appearing before the Leaves, in Spring. The Species are ; a 1. TussrLaco ; vulgaris. C.B.P. mon Coltsfoot. 2. TussiLaco 3 Alpina, Com- ae rotundifolia, g:4- bra. C. B. P. Round-leav'’d fmooth Coltsfoot of the dips. The firft of fthefe Sorts is very common 1D watery Places in almoft every Part of Englands and is rarely kept in Gardens; for the Roots do creep under-ground, and increafe fo faft, that in a fhort time they will fpread over @ large Spot of Ground. los preferable to thofe of the fame Kind which are cultivated in Gardens ; (as are all the Sorts of Aromatick Plants, when gather ’d VALERIANA, [fo call’d of valere, Lat. to avail, becaufe of its great Virtues, or of Valerius, who firft made Ufe of this Plant in It is the true Phu of Diofcorides, Phyfick. or of the Antients; in Greek 9% of gw, to be born, or Phu of Phy, a Pontic Word; which laft denotes the. penetratiug Odour of this Root.] Valerian. The Charaéfers are ; The Leaves grow by Pairs, oppofite upon the Stalks ; the Flower confifts of one Leaf, is tubulofe, and divided into five Segments at the Top: Thefe Flowers are, for the moft part, col- always obferve to plant them upon a dry frefh undung’d Soil, in which, though the Roots will not make near fo great Progrefs, as in arich moift Soil, yet they will be much preferable to them for Ufe. Thefe Roots fhould alfo be taken up, when the Leaves decay, in Autumn, ufed. and preferved dry until The fourth Sort is very common in moift Soils, in divers Parts of England, but is fel- l:éied into a fort of Umbel upon the Teop of the dom propagated in Gardens, This is placed among the Officinal Simples in the College Stalks, and are fucceeded by oblong flat Seeds, Difpenf atory, though it is rarely ufed in Mewhich are winged with a foft Down, dicine. It may be propagated in a moift Soil, The Species are ; by parting the Roots as the former. 1. Varertana; bortenfis, Phu olu/atri folio, The fifth, fixth, and feventhSorts are proDiofcoridis. C. B. P. Great Garden Valerian, pagated in Gardens for the Beauty of their or Phu. 2. VaLERIANA 3 fylveftris, magna, aquatica, Ff. B. Great wild Water Valerian. 3. Vatertana; major, fylveftris, montana. C. B. P. Great wild Mountain Valerian. 4. VALERIANA; palufiris, minor, C.B. P. Small Marth Valerian. Red 5. VALERIANA ; rubra. C. B.P. Garden Valerian. 6. Vareriana; rubra, anguftifolia, C.B. P. Narrow-leav’d red Garden Valerian, 7- VALERIANA 3 marina, latifolia, alba. Mor. Umb, major, Great broad-leav’d white Sea Valerian. The firft of thefe Sorts is propagated in England for medicinal Ufe, andis called in the Shops by the Name of Phu, to diftinguifh it from the Mountain Valerian, which is pre- ferr’d to all the other Sorts, by the modern Phyficians, though the Roots of this firft are fill continued in fome ofthe capital Medicines, This Plant is propagated by parting of its Roots, either in Spring or Autumn, which fhould be planted in Beds offrefh dry Earth, abouteightor ten Inches afunder, (for they com* monly fpread and multiply veryfaft); if the Seafon be dry, you muft water the Plants until they have taken Root; after which they Will require no farther Care, but to keep them clean from Weeds, and in Autumn, when their Leaves are decay’d, the Roots fhould be taken The fecond Sort grows wild upon the 4 from whenceit has been tranfplanted into fom up and dry’d for Ufe. The fecond Sort is very common in moift curious Botanick Gardens for the Sake of Me riety ; the Flowers ofthis are purple, anc Places, and by the Sides of Rivers and Ditches thofe of the commonSort are yellow. from their native Places of Growth). This Plant may be propagated by parting the Roots either in Spring or Autumn, as was directed for the firft Sort; but you fhould in moft Parts of England, but is rarely cultivated in Gardens. The Roots of this Kind, Flowers, but they are only proper for large Gardens, being very apt to grow too large for fmall Places. Thefe may be propagated by parting their Roots, in the manner before directed, or from Seeds, which fhould be fown in Autumn, foon after they are ripe, upon a Bed oflight frefh Earth ; and in the Spring, when the Plants come up, they fhould either be tranfplanted into Nurfery-beds, or the Borders where they are to remain for good. Some of thefe Plants will flower ‘the firft Seafon, but the fecond Year they will all flower very ftrong. They commonly grow about three Feet high, and when the Roots are {trong, they will continue flowering moft part of the Summer, which renders them worthy ofa Place in large Borders, andalfoin Avenues andother abject Parts of the Garden, they being very hardy, and will grow in almoft any Soil or Situation ; but their Root# will abide longeft in a dry barren Soil; for in rich moift Places they feldom continue more than two Years. The Seeds of thefe Kinds will often get into the Joints of old Walls, where they will grow and abide many Years, without any Care or Culture, and produce Flowers moft Part of the Summer ; and in fuch a Situation they will endureall Weathers, withour the leaft Injury. Thefe Plants are never ufed in Medicine. VALERIANA GRZECA; vide Polemonium. VALERIANELLA, [q.d. Small Valerian} Corn-fallet, or Lamb’s-lettucee 8 E The |