OCR Text |
Show AT AV Ule or Beauty, I fhall pafs them over in this Place. ASTRANTIA ; Mafterwort. ATMOSPHERE ; [‘Atyocgasa of “Aryds a Vapour, and ogaiga, Gr. a Sphere] is an Appendage of the Earth, which confifts of a thin, fluid, elaftick Subftance, call’d Air, fur- rounding the Terraqueous Globe to a confiderable Height. The whole Mafs or Afflemblage of ambient Air, is commonly underftood to be the Ar mofphere. But the more accurate Writers reftrain the Term Atmofphere to that Part of the Air which isnext to the Earth, which receives the Vapours and Exhalazions, and whichis terminated Cara by the RefraGtion of the Light of the Sun. Thofe Spaces that are higher, and beyond thefe, are call’d Alther; and being fuppos’d to be poffefs’d by a finer Subftance, are call’d the Aitherial Regious, tho’ thefe perhaps are not deftitute of Air. This Atmofphereinfinuates it felf into all the Vacuities of Bodies, and by that means becomes the great Spring of moft of the Mutations here below, as Generation, Corruption, Diffolution of Vegetables, @c. To the Preflure of the Atm Plants owe their Vegetation, as well as Animals do their Refpiration, Circulation, and Nutrition. Seether and Air. Dr. Halley found, by undoubted Experiments, that the Weight of Mercury to Water, + tO, Or very near it; and that the k Weight of Air ter, is as 1 to 800 ; fo that the ght of Mercury to Air, is as 10800 to 1; and a Cylinder of Air of 10800 are very few in England that are fondof ir, This may be fown in the Spring as Spinage, and muft be eaten young, for when it is run up to Seed, it is very ftrong: This Plant, if fuffer'd to fhatter its Seeds in.a Garden, will become alafting Inhabitant, the Seeds often remaining feveral Years in the Ground, and every time the Groundis dug, will fend forth many of the Plants. AVENUES, are Walks or Entrances leading to a Place, and in Gardening, are Walks planted with Rows of Trees, made in the Front-end of the Garden, leading to the Front of an Houfe, or to a Garden Gate, to a Highway Gate or Wood, to terminate ina Profpea. As to fuch Aveuues that lead to an Houfe, they ought to be as wide as the whole breadth of the Front, and if they be wider theyare better. And as for fuch Avenues to Woods or Profpeés, Oc. they ought not to be lefs than fixty Foot in Breadth; and becaufe fuch Walks are a long time before theyare thady, it will be convenient to plant another Row on each Side, rather than to lofe the Statelinefs that the main Walk will afford in Time by being broad, where any thing of a Pro- {pec is to be gained. And as to the Diftance one from another, they fhould not be planted nearer to one another than thirty-five or forty Feet, efpecially if the Trees are any thing of a {preading Kind ; and the fame Diftance if they are for a regular Grove. As to the Trees proper for planting Avenues, they may be the Englifh. Elm, the Lime Tree, the Horfe Chefnut, the Common Chefaut, the Inches, or 900 Feet, is equal to an Inch of Beach, and the Abele. fo that if the Air was of an equal The Englih Elm is approv’d for all Places ke Water, the whole Aimo phere where it will fucceed, and that it will do in € no more than s ;, Miles high, and moft Places, except in very wet or coldfhalin the Afcent of every 900 Feet, the Barometer low Grounds. 1. Becanfe it will bear cuttings would fink an Inch; but the Expanfion ofthe heading, lopping in any manner whatfoever, Air increafing in the fame Pro Ortion, as the and probably with better Succefs than any incumbent Weight of the Armo phere decreafes; that is, as the Mercury in the Barometer finks, the upper Parts of the Air are much more rarefied ; and each Space anfwering to an Inch of Oui grows greater and greater, fo muft be extended to a § ght. Upon thefe and fuch like Suppofitions, it will appear, that at the Height 0 45 Miles, the Airis fo rarefied, as to take up 3000 times the Space it occupies here and at 53 Miles high it would be expanded above 300000 times: But it is probable, that the utmoft Power ofits Spring cannot exert it felf to fo great an Extenfion, and that no Part of the Atmofphere ches above 45 Miles from the Surface of the Earth. ATRACTYLIS; Diftaff-Thiftle. ATRIPLEX ; Arach, or Orach. This Plant is fometimes cultivated in Gardens as a Culinary Herb, by ufcd as Spii : > i hase, and is by fome2 preferr’d to it, but there other Tree. Others approve of the Dutch Elm, rough or {mooth ; the broad-leav’d or Witch Elm, becaufe they are of quicker Growth than the Englifh, and will grow tolerably well in al- moft anySoil : It will alfo remove verywell, and feldom mifcarries if but an ordinary Care be taken ofit, which the Englih Ela is {ubje& to do. 2. Becaufe it is out with green Leaves in the Spring, with the earlieft Plants, and continues its Beauty as long as almof any other Tree. 3. Becaufe it makes an incomparable Hedge, and is preferable to all others for lofty Efpalier: 5 lly, The Lime ; This is approv'd by others, becaufe it will do well in any tolerable Soil, if the Bottom be not wet and cold, and becanfe of the regular Shape it has in growing, the Agreeablenefs of its Shade; and the beautiful Colour ofits Leaves. Thirdly, The Horfe Chefnut is recommended to be uled every where in fuch Places as are very well defended from {trong Winds ; be- caule where-ever it growsfreely, if it be not skilfully AU AU skilfully manag’d nowand then by cutting the Branches are fubject to fplitdown: This Tree Look carefully over your Fruit-Walls for Snails and other Vermin, which will greatly is valuable on account ofits quick Growth, the Earlinefs of its coming out, the Noblenefs ofits Leaves, and the Beauty ofits Flowers, being a fine Plant both for Shade and Orna~ ment. This delights in a ftrong, hearty Soil, but will do well in any tolerable Soil, if good Care be taken in the Planting of it. Fourthly, The common Chefaut will do well in a proper Soil, andwill rife to a confiderable Height ifplanted clofe together, but if it be planted fingly, where the Tree can take its own natural Shape, it is rather inclin’d to {pread and growglobous thantall. ' Fifthly, the Beech is recommended by fome, but this feldomfucceeds well after tran{- annoy your Fruit, if not timely prevented ; and nail in fuch Shoots as proje& from the Wall, that your Fruit may have the Advantage of the Sun toripen them, but do not cut or pull off the Leaves of the Tree, for this greatly injures your Fruit, as will be fhewn ina proper Place. In dry’ Weather earth up Celery, and tie up Endive for Blanching; pull up Onions and Garlick as their Blades begin to wither and fall, and clear your Ground from Weeds. Untie the Buds of Fruit-Trees which were inoculated the laft Month, and cut off Suckers from the Stocks of Fruit—Trees 3 and toward the End of the Month hoe and clean planting, without extraordinary Care, tho’ it arrives to a very large Tree in many Places in young Spinage and Lettuce, &c. which were England where it grows naturally, and is the moitt tedious and troublefome to raife to any tolerable Size in a Nurfery Way. ning of this; but obferve to do it in dry Weather, thatthe Weeds may decaythe fooner. Gather in all Sorts of Kitchen Garden Seeds that are nowripe, in dry Weather, {preading them on Mats in a dry Place, expofing them to the Sunat all Opportunities, till they are fit to rub or beat out of the Husks. Obferve to keep the Roots of your Melons from too much Wet, which often decays the Vines before the Fruit is ripe. Sixthly, the Adele, This'indeed grows more difpers’d and loofe in its Head than any of the former, and confequently is worfe for Defence ; but yet is not to be left out from the Number of Trees for Avenues, becaufe it is the quickeft in Growth of ali the Foreft Trees, and will thrive tolerably well in almoft any Soil, and particularly in wet Ground where few of the before-mention’d Trees will thrive: And this feldom fails in tranfplanting. Seventhly, The Oak; but this isfeldom ufed in planting Avenues, becaufe it requires fo fown the End ofthe laft Month, or the Begin- In the Flower and Green-Houfe Garden: Tranfplant the Layers of your Carnations, whichby this time will have fufficient Roots, if timely layed; fhift your Pots of Auvicula’s, and tranfplant Polyanthus’s; remove the Bulbs of Wiss, Narciffus’s, Fritillaria, and Hya- Jong a time to raifeit up to anytolerable Stature in the Nurfery Way; nor is it apt to cinths of Peru, as alfo fuch Tuberofe and thrive much after it has been tranfplanted if Squamofe rooted Flowers as begin now to at any Bignefs. decay, and will foon pufh out frefh Roots, As for the Alder, Ab, Platanus, and Syca- after which time they fuffer by Removing, as more, they are but rarely ufed for planting Lilies, Martagens, Crown Imperials, Poonia’s, Avenues, Flag Tris’s, 8c. About the Beginning of this Month in AUG US T oculate Orange Trees, placing them with their The Beginning of this Month fow Onions, pinage, Corn—Saller, and Chervil, to ftand the nter, as alfo fome Cabbages of the early Kind, Silefia, Brown Dutch and Imperial Letzuce, for an early Crop next Spring; you may now fowfeveral Sorts of Seeds whichlie long in the Ground, which, if fown inthe Spring, feldom growwell, or are apt toremain till the Buds from the Sun, and cut of Oranges, Feffamines, and other inarch’d Stocks from the Mother Trees, being careful in the Operation not to break off the new-grafted Branch; but let the Clay remain upon it until the next Spring, Sow the Seeds of Auemonies, Pulfatilla’s, Ranunculus’s, Crocus’s, Fritillaria’s, Ayacinths, Tulips, Narciffus’s, Cyclamens, &c.in Pots or fecond Year before they appear, as Angelica, Boxes, placing them where they may receive Lovage, Scurvy-Grafs, Mafterwort, &c. the Morning Suntill Eleven ofthe Clock, and The tenth Day of this Month fow your firft keep them gently moiften’d in dry Weather : Cropof Cauliflowers, and repeat the fame the cut down the wither’d Stalks of fuch Flowers fifteenth Dayfor the fecond Crop; you may as have done blowing, and faften to ftrong {till fow Turnips for a latter Crop, until the Stakes, all large flowering Plants which are twenty-fourth Day, thofe fown later feldom yet to bloffor, left the ftrong Winds break come to good. them downand prevent their flowering. Ifthe Seafon proves moift in this Month, Gather all fuch Flower Seeds asare now ripe you may tranfplant Endive for a late Crop, in dry Weather, before they are thed upon the c the flowering Branches of Aromatick Ground, and keep your Pots of annual Plants Lavender, Thyme, Rofen ary, fupplied with Water, that they may perfe& d Hyffop, that they may make new their Seeds; and toward the latter End ofthe e Winter; but donot perform this Month, remove fuch of them as are tender, in dry V ier, which will greatly and have not brought their Seeds to Maturity endanger your Herbs, into the Green-houfe, left, by letting them U remain |