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Show Wa W A WA and befides, thefe Water-tables render the W the handfomer, and appear the more beautiful. Thefe Water-tables ought to be new cut once or twice a Year, andthis ought to be done byaftrait Line, as exactly as pofflible. The oftner thefe Walks are mowed and rolled in Summer, the thicker their Bottoms Space of about two Feet, the whole of the Wall, between the inner o; the Bankof rth, and the outward one seek is to receive the Fruit, which will render the outward /Vall always healthful, and the Pro. duét of the Fruit may be anfwerable to the will be; and in # Peach-trees that grow ina fhallow Soil with a gravelly Bottom, canker and dec ay as foon 1 the Grafs fhould be kept very fhort, and well rolled, forit it be permitted to grow pretty longatthis Seafon, the Blax will decay in Winter, and greatly injure their Roots. The Worm-cafts mutt alfo be carefull y beat to Pieces with a long Afh-Pole, andfo fpread over the Grafs; this the Gisdene rs call Pol of a Walk, which is done by brufhing the Surface of the Ground Coft. Mr id having obferved, that all as “they reach the Gravel, becaufe they want a due ae of Moitture, advifes, That where the Soil is fuch, the W be built upon Arches: each Bich being four Feet wide, andthe Piers between thenm two Feet apiece; the Top of the Arches to be s high as the Surface of the Border, and the W,all to y with a flender Pole; theoftner this ated, the better it is for the Grafs, be- face the South Sun; the Tres to be planted Jeythe Worm-catts, and render the Walks more beautiful. fecond Arch: and on the North Side ofthe WALLS: As for the Matter, Dimenfions, ofition of W% &c. See the Articles a, Kitchen-G. » Orch DF all Materials proper for building W for Fruit-trees, Brick is the beft, in that it is not only the handfomett, but the warmeft and kindeft for the Ripening of Fruit; toelide: les, that it affords the beft Conveniency of ing5 for fmaller Nails tae ferve in them than in Sto ils, where And Brick.wails Joints are lar with 8 gs of Free-ftone, and Stone Pilafters or Col mns, at proper Diftances, to feparate the Trees and breakoff the Force of the Winds, make not only the moft beautiful, but the moft profitable Walls ofany others. It has been propos’d by fome to build walls with Half-rounds, every Semicircle being about fix Yards in the Face or Diameter, and eight Yards roundonthe Outfide, each taking in two Trees, and fo to make two Feet Breadth of plain # g bery Half-round ; on the Top of each may be placed a Flower: -pot, of two. Feet high, to contain a handfome oe and a at the Foot, to a Wall be |, by the me enjoy a nai of the Sun, Day o fill up the Space fo built, every f thefe Rounds, one Timeofthe = other ; and aS beft Walls will not fail to be very hot, by Refeétion or Collection of the Beams of the Sunin the Rounds, and they will alfo be more fecure from injurious Winds. : n fome Parts of Ezgland there are Wa built both of Brick and Stone, which have been very commod TheBricks of fome | not of a eeelvesepieetat encase t twelve Feet Diftance, which is onein every fame Wall, to plant other Fruit in the vacant Arches. By this means, fays he, the Peacheswould have the Benefit of the Sun ipon their Branches ; and befides, they having the double Liberty of fpreading their Roots, they would be partly fhaded, and er a due Share of the North B nd Moifture to nourifh themand their Fruit ; and fo bythis means they would bepreferved free from Cankers, and the Curling of their Leaves, ch is commonly a Fore-runner of Death. Vines may be planted on the South-fide between the Pe aches, As to thofe Trees that are plante-d on the North-fide of the Wail, he fi would be much affifted in their V igour, by the Warmth of the Sun falling upon their Roots on the South-fide ofth Arches! But as to this Mannerof building of 7 yy not approve ofit; becaufe, . If it be a Party-wall in a Garden, and ‘salplanted on both Sides, the Trees will run through, and rob one another of the Nounenreene. If it be an Outfide 7 ae Elms plantedat fon to break the Violence ofthe Ww Roots of thefe Z/ms will more and rob the Trees of their Nourift if there are not Elms, it is but fe there is as good Earth onthe Outfide of the cone as thereis within. Becaufe the ore Inconvenience will be, ait will entice the Roots of the Trees to run downright, ich isa very gt Fruit-tree: 4. The Roots a not be Nourifhment und ther Sun nor Ra; ore fad Perkfons, ak /s both fubftantial and have built double ones, the Out- : 3 ne and th e Infide of Brick, Ihave fe the Royal Society of Fruits, by building of I never have had any pr: building fuch a Wail; butaeam of Opi that a perpendicul ‘a other, or one rather WA over the Fruit, if it could be fo conveniently their right Lines, unlefs the Water be vety contriv’d. For when the Sunis low, either in the Spr or Autumn, or in the Evening or Morning, thofe Walls whichlean floping backwards, will have but a Glance, or but little of the Power of the Sun; but a perpendicular Wai has the Sun’s Rays full againft it, which is preferable to the greateft Heats of the Sun at Mid/ummer, upon a back-floping Wall. In Autumn the Sun is wanting to ripen Win- ter Pears, which fhould be kept dry, which againft floping Wal/s cannot, the Dews lying much longer on fuch than on thofe that are perpendicular; and befides, they are much more liable to Blights in the Spring, and are more expos d to Eddy-winds on all Sides. WALL-FLOWER ; vide Leucojum. WALNUT ; vide Nux juglans. WATER, is one of the moft confiderable Requifites belonging toa Garden ; if a Garden be without it, ic brings a certain Mortality upon whatfoever is planted. By Waterings the great Droughts in Summer are allay’d, which would infallibly burn up moft Plants, had we not the Help of Water to qualify the exceffive Heats: befides, as to noble Seats, deep, or put into Motion by fome outward Caufe; then indeed the Trantparency of Wa- ter is very much obftruéted, and it looks of a cloudy, obfcure Colour, as it is obvious to Sight in a rough Sea; for at fuch a Time the vehement Agitation of the Water difturbstheir Pores, and {poils their Straitnefé. 2.|Water is liquid, but capable of being fixed: Water feemstobeliquid for the fame Reafon that other Bodies are fo. For fince the Particles of it are flexible like Ropes, and leave Pores between one another, which are fill’d with finer Matter, when this Matter is put into a vehement Commotion, the Particles are eafily tofs’d about every where ; yet when the Motion ofthisreftlefs Matteris reftrain’d, as it isin Winter, then the Water congeals into Ice ; whether this comesofCold only, orthere be, ’befides, nitrous Particles, which fall out ofthe Air at that Time, and with their Rigids nefs fix the watry ones. 3. It may be made fot or cold: The Particles of Water being, as has before beenfaid, Ice, is {oon diffolv’d by the Motion ofthofe of Fire: For the Particles of Fire getting into the Pores of the Ice, do mightily thake the fine, flexible Particles of it, and reftore them to their former Motioninalittle Time. But if this Water be fet in cold Air, the fiery Particles will foon vanifh, and the Water become as cold as before 4. Water eafily evaporates by the Heat of 1aments of aGarden. U2 finess Water (when pare) Fire or Air. This is becaufe its Particles are to be a very fluid Salt, volatile and voidof all quickly feparated and got into Motion; fo Savour and afte ; a it feems to confift of that the airy Particles eafily carry thofe ofthe fmall, hard, porous, {pherical Particles, of Water about with them. 5. It isheavyif compar’d with Air and fome equal Diameters, and equal fpecifick Gravi~tics; and alfo that there are between them, other Bodies, but much heavier than Air. It Spaces {o large, and rang’d in fuch a Manner, has been fhewn byvarious Experiments, that the Gravity of the Air in the Place where we as to be perviousonall Sides. Their Sioothne/s accounts for their fliding live, is to that of Vater, as one to eight hundred, or fomething more; fo that Water is eafily over the Surfaces ofone another. Their § y keeps them from touching eight hundred times heavier than Air. And one another in n Points than one; and by for this Reafon a Bladder, or any other thing both thefe, their Frictions in fliding over one fill’d with Air, can hardly be funk under Water; and indeed, to make Air fink, there another, is render’d the leaft poflible. The Hardnefs of them accounts for the Jn- mutt be a Weight added to it, that fhall exceed compreffibility of Water, when it is free from the Weight of the Water as much, and: fomething more, than that of the Water exceeds the Intermixture ofAir. The Porofity of Water is {o very great, that that of the Air. Hence it comes to pafs, that Water eafily there is at leaft forty times as much Space as Matter in it; for Wateris nineteentiimes {pe- fupports Wood, and vaft Ships fraught with the heavieft Cargo; for the Weight alone cifically Jighter than Gold, and of confequence rarer in the fame Proportion: But Gold will, will never fink them, unlef§ the Goods and byPreffure, let Water paf$ throughits Pores, Veffel together fhould make up a Weight and therefore may be fuppos’d to have (at which exceeds that of Water; andas falt Water is heavier than frefh, fo it bears a greater leaft) more Pores than folid Parts. Monf. Le Clerc fays, there are thefe Things Weight. Thofe Things which are heavier than 7obfervable in Water, which Naturalifts ftudy uty that Wazer will add, in maki to oe and account for. It is tranfparent ; becaufe, as fome are Sesion. it confifts offlexible Particles, like Ropes, which are not fo clofe as to leave no Pores, nor fo entangled, but that there are right Lines enough to tranfmit the Light, For fince the Particles are not joined clofe together, and are in perpetual Motion, the very Particles of Light do eafily pafs through ter, as Stones, Metals, &c. when they are throwninto it, go ftrait down to the Bottom, and as their Weight is greater, by fo much the quicker; while other Bodies which are of the fame Weight with the Water, do neither float on the Surface, nor fink quite down, but remain fufpended between the Top and Bott om, as is feen in the Carcaffes of Animals g I 6. Water |