OCR Text |
Show TH hath an En- gine for graduating his 7/ eters, to make them true Standards of Heat and Cold. The Lhermometers or Thermofcopes are In- cover the Alterations of the Air as to Wet or The Method preicrib’d to be ufed in keep. iments of very great Ufe to Gardeners in the Management of Hot-beds or Stoves. They. ing the Accounts or Obfervations made on the fhew, by Infpection, the prefent Condition of Alterations of thefe Inftruments, is that which and. whetherit be bot or cold; which was ufed by the Honourable Samuel Molyneux is the hotte#, and in the Efquire. 1. There muft be a Book for the Remarks or any Part of the And from thence many ufeful Experi- in all the twelve Months of the Year, which ments have, and may be made; viz. how are to be made fix times every Day. At thefe much one eds another in Coldnefs ; Times you mutt obferve : which Baths are the | t or coldeft : Andif 1. How the Quickfilver rifes orfalls in the of a Perfonina Fever, Barometer. apply’d, will nicely fhew the 2. What is the Alteration of the Hygront or Increafe of a Fever. meter, le makes ufe of a he neter that 3. Howthe Spirits in the Thermometer rife be of about two Feet in length, or fall. and is about theeighth Part of an Inch diame4. From what Point of the Compafs the ter; and in this he has remark’d, that the Air Wind blows ; and alfo with what Strength, is cold for his Plants when the Spirit rifes to according to the neareft Guefs that can be fifteen Inches ; that it is temperate at fixtcen made. Inches and a half; that the Air is warm when 5. Whether it rains, fhows, hails, &c, and it rifes to eighteen Inches: And this is the in what Quantity Standard for his Pine-Apple Heat. It is mark’d Every Leaf ofthe Book is to be divided for Lot Air at twenty Inches, and /wltry bot into feveral Columns ; the firft for the Day of at twenty one and a half: But in the common the Monthand the Week, the fecond forthe Englifo Thermometers, thefe Degreesare diffe- Number ofInches and Parts of an Inch in rently mark’d 5 his temperate Air is about our theTube of the Barometer where the Quickwarm ; his ¢ ir our hot; and our bot Air filver ftands at the Time whenthe Obfervation is about the fame as his /u/try. is made. He has directed fome Thermometers, €3c. to The fecondis to be for marking the Degrees be made for both Hot-beds and Stoves, by which the Index of the Hygrometer points to which a Perfon may at once be appriz’d of the at the fame time. ? i Degree of Heat underthe Line, and of the The third is for fhewing the Number of feveral Degrees diftin@ly mark’d for the na- Inches and Parts of an Inch where the Spirits tural Growth of Plants of every Climate, from ftand in the Thermometer at the Time when the the Equinodtial Line to the fifty-fecond Degree Obfervation is made, N of Latitude. : The fourth is for marking from what Point Thefe Dherimometers are mark’d with the the Winds blow, andtheir Strengt h. Names, and alfo the principal Places, with The fifth is for noting the Quantity of their Degrees of Latitude and Summer Heat, Rain, &c. that falls, and what Difpofition the whether theylie North or South of the Equi- noctial Line; and alfo the different ‘Times of the Spring in feveral Countries. Bythis Means every Gardener may know, when it is proper to apply his Heat in its full Force, and what Degree of Heat ought to be ufed for the Welfare of any Plant from any Part of the World. Mr. Patrick has fix’d his Thermometer to a Scale of ninety Degrees, which are numbred from the Top downy ard, and alfo a moveable Index fittedtoir. The Defign ofthis is to fhew how the Heat or Cold is changed, from the Time it was laft look’d upon, according to the different es of Heat and Coldinall Latitudes ; as y Trial of two Thermometers that have been regulated abroad, the one byDr, Alalley in his late Southern Voyage, and the other by Captain 5 in his Voyage to Greenland. Thefirft has a Degree of Heat under the Equinoétial Line, and the other a Degree of Cold in eighty eight Degrees North Latitude. ot Lhef e Inftruments, } the Barometer, Hygro~ eter and Thermometer, or Lher mofcope, dif The .-T.a 81, Dry, efpecially if it be accompanied with an Hygrometer ; and the Thermometer fhews the Condition of the Air as to Heat or Cold. Clouds and Air have. Take, for Example, the following Account of the fecond of Fune 1721, which Table the Readerwill find inferted in the following re Page. According to this Method, a Weather-Boox maybe kept of the Country a Perfon ret ae in, and by comparing the Motions of eS Quickfilver and Spirit with the Weather, fuch Times as the Obfervations are made, 4 little Practice will enable a Perfon to give : good Judgment before-hand what Weathet will happen, , Le For the greater Accuracy, many have tne Names of the principal Exotzcks written Bras their Thermometers, over-againft the dover, Degrees which are found by Experience be propereft for them ; and the moft curious Gardeners about London have agreed to max¢ ufe of Thermometers of this Sort: Which are made by Mr. Yobn Fowler in Sweet! - Alley, near the Royal-Exchange ; whi have the Names of the following Plants oppofite to their refpective moft kindly Degre of Heat, Which, ae, Friday, Fune is2. is. na Barometer 1721. Inch, Par.| Hygrometer, with its Divifton 274 Parts. “UW0utA 9gB Dr. Hook, in his Mi 0H Wind. Weather, Morning at 9 29 98 240 Eaft, brisk Gale Cloudy Noon. 29 98 260 20 Eaft, brisk Gale, or ditto. Afternoonat 3] 29 98 Afternoonat 6 98 Evening at 9 98 Midnight. 29 98 Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Which, fays the Reverend Mr. Hales in his excellent 'Treatife of Vegetable Staticks, in myThermometers anfwer nearly to the following Degrees of Heat above the freezing Point, The Stemsof thefe TLermometers which were above the Ground, were fenc’d from Weather and Injuries, by {quare wooden Tubes: The Ground they were plac’d in, was a brick Earth 12, Melon-T' Ananas 29. Piamento in the Middle of my Garden, y Cereus 214. Aloe 19. uly thé 30th, he began to keepa Regifter Ficoides 14. Oranges 12. of their Rife and Fall: During ig the following Myrtles 9 Month of Ayguft he obferv’d, that when the Mr. Boyle, by placing a Thermometer in a Spirit in the Z4ermometer, Number x1. (which Cave, which was cut ftrait into the Bottom of was expos’d to the Sun) was about Noon rifen a Cliff, fronting the Sea, to the Depth of to 48 Degrees; then the fecond Thermometer 130 Feet, found the Spirit ftood both in was 45, the fifth 33, andthe fixth 31; the Winter and Summer at a {mall Divifion above third and fourth at intermediate Degrees: S Temperate: ‘The Cave had 80 Feet Depth of The fifth and fixth Thermometer kept nearly Earth above it. the fame Degree of Heat, both Night and I, fays Mr. Hales, mark’d myfix Thermome- Day, till towards the latter End of the Month ; ters numerically, 1, 2, 3, 4, §, 6. The Zher- when, as the Days grewfhorter and cooler, and mometer Number 1. which was the fhorteft, the Nights longer andcooler, they then fell to Iplac’d with a South Afpect in the open Air; the Ball of Number 2 I fet two Inches under Ground ; that of Number 3 four Inches, Number 4 eight Inches, Number ¢ fixteen Inches, and Number 6 twenty-four Inches: And that the Heat of the Earth at thofe fevetal Depths may the more accurately be known, rmometer a it is proper to place near each Glaf$ Tube, fealed at both Ends, of the fame Length with the Stems ofthe feveral Zbermometers, and with tinged Spirit of Wine in them to the fame Height as in each corre{ponding Thermometer; the Scale of Degrees ofeach Thermometer being mark’d on a fliding Ruler, with an Index at the Backofit, pointing to the correfponding Tube, 25 and 27 Degrees, Yow {0 confiderable a Heat of the Sun at two Feet depth under the Harth’s Surface, muft needs have a ftrong Influence in raifing the Moifture at that and greater Depths, whereby a very great and continal Reek mult always be afcending during the warm Summer Seafon, by Night as well as by Day ; for the Heat at two Feet deep is nearly the fame Night and Day; the Impulfe of the Sun Beams giving the Moifture of the Earth a brisk undulating Motion, which watery Particles, when fepa- rated and rarefy’d by Heat, do afcend in the Form of a Vapour ; and the Vigourof the warm and confin’d Vapour (fuch as is that which is one, two, or three Feet deepin the Whenat anytime an Obfervation is to be Earth) muft be very confiderable, fo as to made, by moving the Index to point to the penetrate the Roots with fome Vigour; as we Top of the Spirit in that Tube, an accurate may reafonably fuppofe from the vaft Force Allowance is hereby made forvery different of confin’d Vapour in Wolipiles, in the Di- Degrees of Heat and Cold in the Stems of gefter of Bones, and the Engine toraifé Water the Thermometers at all Depths; by which > % by Fire. means the Scale of Degrees will fhewtruly the If Plants were not in this manner fupply’d Degrees of Heat in the Balls of the Tbermo- with Moiftur it were impoffib for them to e, le meters, and confequently the refpective Heats fubfift under the {corching Heats within the of the Earth, at the feveral Depths where they are plac’d, Tropitks, where they have no Rain for many Months together: For tho’ the Dews are much greater ry |