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Show FR FR Flowers, which were larger than the HautboyStrawberry, in proportion to the Bulk ofits Fruit: and thisSeafon there has been Fruit in feveral Gardens near London. I obferve they thrive beft where they have only the Morning Sun, and do require frequent Waterings in dry Weather. FRANGULA ; [is fo call’d of frangendo, breaking, becaufe of the Brittlenefs ofits Wood.] We have but one Species of this Plant, whichis, Park. Theat. five Alnus, nigra, baccifera, Black Berry-bearing Alder. This Tree is very commonin moift Woods Ly adhd t \ fi sie anaes. in divers Parts of England, and is rarely cultivated in Gardens, except for Variety: It feldom grows above fourteen or fixteen Feet in Height, and is not very regularin its Growth, fo that as it isa Plant of no great Beauty,it lefs deferves a Place in curious Gardens. It may be propagated by Layers, or from Suckers, which arife from the Foot of old Plants, and muft be planted in 2 moift Soil and a fthady Situation, where it will thrive exceedingly. The Fruit of this Tree is often brought into the Markets of Loudon, and fold for BuckthornBerries, of which Cheat, all fuch as make Syrup of Buckthorn fhould be particularly careful : They may be eafily diftinguith’d by breaking the Berries, and obferving how many Seeds are contain’d in each, the Berries of this Tree having but two, and thofe of Buckthorn, generally four Seeds in each Berry. FRAXINELLA; [is fo call’d of Frax Lat. the Afh-tree, becaufe its Leaves refemble thole of the A/h-trees, q.d. the little Ah: It is call'd Diffamuns, becaufe it has the Smell, Tafte and Virtues ofit.) Baftard, or White Dittany. The Charaéters are; It hath a perennial Root: The Leaves ave pennated like thofe of the Ath: The Fl con— Sifts of many Leaves, and are of an anomalons Figure, fourof thefe Petals growing on the Upde, and one or more o1 j rs in the Center of v Gardens Abroad; but thefe twoare the only Sorts I have everyet obferw’d in Exgland, They are propagated either by fowing their Seeds, or parting the Roots: The latter Method being the moft expeditious, is generally us'd; though, if we would fupply ont felyes with a Quantity of thefe Plants, we mutt procure them from Seeds, for the Roots do not multiply very faft, nor fhould they be difturb’d by parting them oftener thanevery other Year; for if you part them frequently, or into fmall Heads, the Flowers will be few Berry-bearing Alder. The Charaéfers are; Tt hath roundifh Leaves fomewhat like thofe of the Alder-Tree, but fmaller : The Flower con— fits of five Leaves, which expand in form of a Rofe: The Flowers are. fucceeded by Jmall round rries, in each of whichis contain'd two fmall flat Se Francura; FR e produc’d nit or ten crooked Stamina or Threads ; each Fl as fucceeded by many Pods, which are turid back like a Ram'’s-horn, andopen in two Parts emitting feveral large, hard, black, fhining Seeds, i = The Species are ; ft FRAXINELI 3 Cluf. White Baftard Dittany; or Fra a, with white Flowers. Mune oie major mult iffora. Flowan, at Purple Fraxinella, with many rPl oe fome other Varieties of this ? n are preferv’d m fome curious in Number, and very weak. The beft Seafon to tranfplant thefe Roots, is toward the latter End of Septer or Be~ ginning of Offober, that they maybe rooted before the hard Frofts begin, by which means they will be enabled to refift the Cold, and produce much fairer Flowers than thofe which are tranfplanted in the Spi The Soil in which thefe Plants thrive beft, is a frefh, rich, gentle Loam, not too ftiff, or wet, in bothof which they are apt to rot in Winter. If you would propagate them by Seeds, you muft fow them on a Bedofgood frefh Earth in an open Expofure, foon after the Seeds are ripe; for if they are kept till Spring before they are fown, they either mifcarry, or lie in the Groundtill the next Spring before they come up; but you muft carefully obferve to weedthe Bed, forif you fuffer the Weeds to root deep in theGround, theywill endangerthe drawing of the Seeds out of the Earth the former are pull’d up: Ifthe Spvi FR at the Bottom, which is fhap'd like a Bird's Tongue. x. Fraxinus 3 velgaris. Park. Theat. The Common Afh-Tree. 2. Fraxinus; vulgaris, folio ex luteo variegatis, The Strip’d Afh. "3, Fraxinus; folio rotundiove. C.B. The Manna Ath. 4 Fraxtnvs; florifera, botryoides. M. H. ano asl R. Blaf. The Flowering Albi) s. Fraxinus; ex Nova Anglia, pinnis folio- prepar’d. your Ground, plant them in Rows, three Feet Diftance Row from Row, and a Foot afunder in the Rows, clofing the Earth to their Roots with your Feet. In this Nurfery they may remain three or four Years, ob ing to keep them clear from Weeds, as alfo to trim up the Side-Branches every Winter, and dig the Ground between the Rows; after which Time you may remove them where they are to remain for good. This Tree will grow upon almoft any Soil : but the better the Soil is, the more the Tree New- will increafe in Bulk. Notwithftanding which; England Ath, with fharp-pointed Leaves. 6, Fraxtxus 3 Caroliniana, latiori fruttu. Rand. Carolina Afh, with broad Keys. The firft Sort is 2 common Timber Tree in every Part of England. The fecond is a Variety of the firft, from which it only differs, in having its Leaves beautifully ftrip’d with yellow, The third Sort is fuppos’d to be the Tree from whence the true Calabrian Manna is taken. The fourth Sort was rais’d from Seeds by Dr. Uvedale at Enfield, which were brought from Italy by the late curious Botanift Dr. Wi- it fhould not by any means be planted too near to other Trees or Plants; for it will exhauft all the Goodnefs of the Soil from them ; and the Shade of this Tree is malignant to moft other Plants. The Diftance they fhould be The Species are ; rum in mucronem produttioribus. Rand. liam Shervard, who {upposd this was different from Dr. Adorifon’s Tree. But by the Specimens now in Pofleffion of that worthy Encourager of Botanical Studies, Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. it appears to be the very fame notwithftanding Mr. Ray {uppofes Dr. Mori— fou's Tree to be of American Growth. The fifth and-fixth Sorts were both rais’d prove dry when your Plants firft app fhould gently waterthe Bed, andfhade it with Mats in the Heat of the Day, until the Plants have got Strength, obferving, as before, to keep them clear from Weeds: In this Bed they mayremain until Michaelmas following; from Seeds which came from America, but are both of’em very hardy. All thefe Kinds may be propagated by Budding them into the common 4), upon which they will all take very well, and become hardier than upon at which Time you fhould prepare one or more Beds( according to the Numberof your their own Stock. The common Af) is propagated by fowing Plants) ofthe like frefh Earth, into which you the Keys in O€fo or November on a Bed of frefh Earth, which fhould be well dug, and muft plant your Plants at about five or fix Inches Diftance each Way, being careful in taking themont ofthe Seed-bed, not to break Bed will be {ufficient to raife a great but alittle Culture, renders them wo FRAXINUS ; The Afh-Tree. The Charaélers are ; Jt hath pennated Leaves, whic tt an odd Lobe: The Male Flo grow at a remote Diftance from the Fi no Petals, but confift of many Stamina Ovary becomes a an Inch thick with Earth. Thefe Seeds many times continue until the they come up; you fhould therefore let the Bed remain undifturb’d and keep it clean from Weeds. Seed=veffel, containing 07 ger Timber. If a Wood of thefe Trees is rightly manag’d, ic will turn greatly to the Advantage of itsOwner, for by the Under-wood; which will be fit to cut every five orfix Years for the Ufes above mention’d, there will bea continual Income more than fufficient to pay the Rent of the Ground, and all other Charges, andftill there will be a Stockprefery’d for Timber, which, in a few Years, will be worth forty or fifty Shillings per Tree. This Timber is of excellent Ufe to the Wheelwright and Cartwright for Ploughs, Axle Trees, W/beel-Rings, Harrows, Bulls, Oars, in the Spring, the Timberwill be fubje& to be infefted with Worms and other Infe&s but for Lopping of Pollards, the Spring is preferable for all foft Woods. When your Plants come up, you muft alfo keep them very clear from Weeds; and if the Seafon fhould prove very dry, if you give them now-and- a Place in every good Garden. may be leflen’d as they increafe in Bulk, leaving ftill the moft promifing ones to growfor lar- fmall fecond Spring before den ; and their being very hardy, the Ground ; this will caufe’em tomake many ftrong, vigorous Shoots, which in four or five Years Time will be fit for Arbor Poles, or to make Hoops: And the other remaining {trait Trees may be fuffer’d to grow for other Timber, the Number of which Trees The beft Seafon for Felling of thefe Trees is from November to February; for if it be done either too early in Autumn, ortoolate they may remain one Year, by which time ( they have thriven well) they will be ft enough to produce Flowers the fucc Year ; fo that nowit will be time to tran equirl downevery other Tree, chufing fuch of em as are crooked, within fix or eight Inches of Blocks for Pullies, and many other Purpofes. Quantity of thefe Trees. The Seeds fhould be fown pretty thick, and cover'd about half Thefe Plants continuing a long time 1 Beauty, are very great Ornaments to have been planted one Year, you maycut cleans’d from Roots and noxious Weeds: A or woundtheir Roots, as alfo to clo ¢ Earth faft to their Roots when planted with your Hands, to prevent their being turnd out of the Ground byFroft. In thefe Beds them into the Borders of the Flower where they are defign’d to remain planted is eight Feet fquare; and after they then a little Water, ic will greatly promote their Growth ; In this Bed they fhould remain no longer thanthe Autumn following, provided they have grown well; at which Time you fhould prepare a Nurfery, which fhould be clear'd, as before; then with loofen the Roots of the Plants raw them up, otherwife you will ng of them. When you t of the Ground, fhorten Root; but do not cut FREEZING, is the fixing of a the depriving it of its natural Mobility by the AG@ionofCold; or it is the AG of convertin a fluid Subftance into a firm, coherent, rij one call’d Ice. The principal Phenomena of ates ift, That Water being dilated orrarefy'd, and all Fluids, Oi/ excepted, ze. in fi take up more Space nd are {pecificallylighter than they were before, That the Bulk and Dimenfions of Water are increasd by Freezing, is found by many Experiments: And it may not be improper here to take notice of the Procels of Nature Q494 A Glafs |
