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Show a Situation ; the South-Wef, North-Weft, and North Winds being the moft injurious to Vine- yards in England (as indeed they are to moft other Fruit), fo that, if poffible, they fhould be fhelter’d therefrom. Having made Choice of a Soil and Situation proper for this Purpofe, the next thing to be done is, to prepare it for Planting, In doing of which, vi Vi Vi the following Method fhould be obferv’d: In the Spring it fhould be plough’d as deepas the Surface will admit, turning the the Wine was much preferat were clofe planted; and this he firms to be the Cafe in moft Countries wher: he had travell’d. Indeed, we need not have Recourfe to Antiquity for the Truth. of ich Fatts, when we are daily convinc’d of this Trath in all clofe Plantations of any kind of Fruit, where it is conftantly obfery’d, the Fruits in fuch Places are never fo colour’d, fo early ripe, nornear fo well flayo as thofe produc’d on Trees, where the Air Sward into the Bottom of each Furrow; thcn can freely circulate about them, andthe Rays it fhould be well harrow’d to break the Clods, of the Sun have free Accefs to the Branches, whereby their Juices are better prepar’d be- and cleanfe it from the Roots of noxious Weeds: and after this, it muft be conftantly kept plough’d and harrow’d forat leaft one Year, to render the Surfacelight, and hereby it will be render’dfertile by imbibing the nitrous Particles of the Air (efpecially if it be long expos’d thereto before it is planted): Then in March the Ground fhould be well plough’d again; and after having made the Surtice pretty even, the Rows fhould be mark’d out from South-Eaft to North-Weft, at the Diftance of ten Feet from each other; and thefe Rows fhould be crofs’d again at five or fix Feet Diftance, which will mark out the exact Places where each Plant fhould be plac’d, fo that there will be ten Feet Row from Row, and five or fix Feet afunder in the Rows, fore they enter the Fruit. ; . Having thus confider’d the Diftance which isneceffary to be allow’d to thefe Plants, we come next to the Planting: But in order to this, the proper Sorts of Grapes fhouldbej dicioufly chofen; and in this Particular we have egregioufly erred in Exglands all the Vineyards at prefent planted here, are ofthe fweeteft and beft Sort of Grapes for Eating, which is contrary to the general Praétice of the Vignerons abroad, who always obferve that fuch Grapes do never make good Wine, and therefore, from Experience, do make Choice I believe the moft probable Sort to fucceed in England is the Auvernat or true Burgundy Grape (which whatever iome Perfoné may prefend, is, at prefent; very fare, if to be found Vineyards in England, to procure Cuttings of this Grape from thofé Countries ; but herein fore Perfon of Integrity and Judgment fhould be imploy’d to get them from fach V ineyards d, where no other Sorts of Grapes are cultivate which is Very rare to find, unlefs in fome par- ticular Vineyards of the Citizens, who are Cyder-makers in England, whoalways obferve ? Feet that. the beft Eating Apples make but po Row from Row, and the Plants but three Feet afunder in the Rows: Andothers, who Cyder ; whereas the more rough and auttere Sorts, after being prefs’d and fermented, do thinkthey have been full liberal in this Article, afford a ftrong vinous Liquor. AndI believ have only planted their Vines ac fix Feet Di- it will be found true in all Fruits, that where flance every Way; but neither of thefe have the natural Heat of the Sun ripens andpreallow’d a proper Diftance to them, asI fhall pares their Juices, fo as to render them pafhew: Forin the firft Place, where the Rows are plac’d too clofe, there will not be Room latable, whatever Degree of Heat thefe Juices have more, either by Fermentation, or from for the Sun and Air to pafs in between them any other Caufe, will render them weaker and to dry up the Moifture, which being detain’d lefs fpirituous. Ofthis we have manyInftances amongft the Vines, muft produce veryill Effects, in Fruits; for if we tranfplant any of our And fecondly, where the Vines are plae’d in exact Squares, fo near together as fix Feet, Summer or Autumn Fruits, which ripen per- there can be no Roomfor the Current of Air Art, into a Climate a few Degrees wari thefe Fruits will be mealy and inf likewife if we bake or ftew anyof thefe Fruits, they will be goodforlittle, lofing all theit Spirit and Flavour bythe additional Heat ot to pafs between them, when their Branches are extended on each Side, and fo confequently the Damps in Autumn will be entangled and detain’d amoneft the Vines, to the Forfince the great Prejudi attended with a in t 1s, cold Dews, or Fogs, foall proper Care fhould be taken to remove every thing whi waich ar r y obftruct the dryir t 16w much it contributes to the Goodnefs to allow a large Space between of their the Rows; and therefore where ality 1 of the Wine is more regarde¢ ne there they never plant their ” = ee 2 yor ieee Row from Row, Itowas an Obferv allow twelve. ele Seeees Years fince, that he Archipelago, where the Hila ’ Rows of Vines were plac’d ata gteat Diftance fectly in England without the Affiftance of the Fire; and fuch Fruits as are bync eatable raw, are hereby render’d exq i which if tranfplanted into a warmer ns wereleft to produce new Wood. At the Beginning of May, when the Vine dre fhooting, there fhould be fome Stakes fix’d down to the Side of each Plant, which muft be fomewhat taller and flronger than thofe of the former Year; to thefe the two Shoots (if fo many are produc’d), fhould be faften’d, and all the fmall trailing or lateral Shoots fhould be conftantly difplac’d, that the other Shoots maybeftronger ; and the Ground fhould alfo be kept very clear from Weeds, as before. At Michaelmas thefe Vines fhould be prun’d again, in the following Manner. Thofe them which have produc’d two ftrong S} of equal Vigour, muft be cut down to t Eyes each; but fuch which have one ftror Shoot and a wéak one, the ftrong one mutt | fhorten’d to three Eyes, and the weak one to two; and fuch izes which have produc’d but one ftrong Shoot, fhould be fhorten’d down to two Eyes alfo, in order to obtain more Wood againft the fucceeding Year. In the Sfring, about the Beginning to ferthan one Sort, which will caufe it ment at different Times, and in different would always prefer thefe to Layers, or rootes alfo alter’d fo as to exceed ning of 4 “it is the beft Scafon for Planting when it will be proper to put the lower Ends of the Cuttings in Water about three Inches, eight Hours befetting them upright for fix or fore they are us’d; then at the Center of every crofs Mark already made by a Line, to the a Diftance the Vines are defign’d, fhould be Hole made with a Spade or other Inftrument, about a Foot deep: into each of which fhould little be put one trong Cutting, placing it a with floping, then the Hole fhould be fill’d up the to Feet Earth, preffing it gently with the and raifing a little Hill toe ich about three Inches; fo as to juft cover the upperit oft W d Eye or Bud; which will prevent the 1d Sun from drying any Part of the Cuttings, this upper Eye onlywill fhoot, the under 3 moft of them will pufh out Roots; 10 this. Shoot will be very is. ter’ the moft delicious Fromwhence it is plain, that thofe Gre which are ag able to the Palate fort are not proper for Wine; in making of their Juices muft undergo aftrong Fer tion. Therefore fince we have in Engle only propagating the moft palat for Eating, and neglected the other fore we plant Vineyards, we fhould take to be provided with the proper Sorts abroad; which fhould be chofen accorc theSortof Wines intended to beimit given at the Beg about the Beg Plants; for the Reafons ning of the Article Vit have, by the additional Heat of the Sur of our Fruit in this Country. Shoots to two Eyes ; andif after this is done, the th be drawn up in a Hill about each Plant, it will ftill bea greater Defence againit Froft. At the Beginting of March, the Ground between the Vines fhould be well dug, to loofen it, and render it clean, but you fhould be Sort Places where they have only this ohetrue every of Grape. And here I would caution of Vintage to mix them all together, which renders their Wines lefs delicate than in fuch i i Manners: The Cuttings being thus provided (for I five ? difplac’d, and the Ground between careful not to dig deep clofe to the Vines, leit thereby thei? Roots fhould be cut or bruis’d; and at thé fame Time the Earth fhould be nearer than which they ought never to be and not by any means palatable. This is alfo planted. And herein moft People who have agreeable to the conftant Practice of our more than are any fuch produc’d) fhould be c their very exact to keep up the Reputation of Wines; nothing being more common than of for the Vignerons to plant threeor four Sorts Grapes in the fame Vineyard, and at the Time one againft mixing the Juice of more Grapes having allowed.no hew’d, and all finall lateral Shoots (if there always kept clean. This is the whole at all in Lvzgland, toi People taking the nagement which is requir’d the firft ¢ Munier Grape for the 6. undy) + This Sort of Bat at Michaelmas, when the Grapé is molt preferr’d in Burgundy, Champaign; Orleans, and moft of the other Wine done fhiooting, they fhould be that they are left unprun’dtill 87 Countties in Fraace; atid 1 am infortn’d, ténder (cfpecially tov it flicceeds very well in feveral Places to the will be in Danger of futiering, North of Paris, where proper Care is taken + fHould prove fevere. oftheir Management: So that I fhould adviie This Proning is only to cut down all the fuch Perfons who would try the Succefs of of thofe Sorts of Grapes, whofe Juice, af Fermenting, affords a noble, rich Liquor; which Grapes are always obferv’d tobeaullere, planted Vineyards, have greatly err’d, fome Shoots advance, the Fafteniig fhould be re= to they will re- they no ftrong and vi- fhoot, ex otf from keep the Ground clear Weeds fhould be conftantly obferv’d: Natering, or any other T'rc fion for it, norwithfta have direéted 5 forir *e of their mifea the Cutti i be: a {mall ¢ down by each, to wh do prevent Bt again laid up in a Hill about each Plant, but theré mult be Care taken not to bury the two young Eyes of the formet Year’s Shoot, which »efore, and two Stakes fl y the Side of all fuch Vi two Shoots, at fuch Diftance on each the Plant as the Shoots will admit to n’d thereto; and the Shoots fhould be vf out on each Side to the Stakes, fo as to an Angle of about forty-five Degrees with the Stem, but by no means fhould they 1 fom be bent down h orizontally, prattis’d, for the Branches 1}; th are great injur’ the Damp pecially when they ‘Il tafted;. nor : Branches, as‘ whén ed. ines begin to fhoot;’ they d over, and all the weak fhould be rubb’d off as they |
