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Show SU of Water up to the Foot ofit; yet the Wa- ——. and grovel in the Dark; for ‘by its genial and chearful Rays, it exhilarates the vegetable is folv’d by Pulfion, or the Preflure andelaftick Power of the dir, rather than by the attractive Powerofthe Suz It is fufficiently prov’d by ocular Demonftration, that the Vapours of the Sea, Rivers, Lakes, andall the Humidities of the Ground, are drawnup after this manner. And that Heat is an Agent in this Operation, has been clearly prov’d by the Experiof that learn’d Naturalift Dr. Halley ; ing a Veffel of Waterfour Inches deep, en, and nine Tenths in Diameter; which being warm’d to fuch a Degree, as it might be fuppos’d the Air may do it, in fome of the hotteft Months; andletting ic ftand about two Hours time, and weighing it, found it had evaporated near half an Ounce ; altho’ there did not appear any Reek or Smoak, nor did the Water feem warm, by putting his Finger into it; from whichit may be concluded, that out of that fmall Superficies of the Water, fix Ounces would be evaporated in the Space of twenty-four Hours. Upon this Suppofition, every ten fquare Inches of the Surface of Water, yields in Vapour per Day a Cube Inch of Water; and each {quare Foot half a Wine Pint; and every Space of four Feet fquare, a Gallon; a Mile fquare 6914 Tun; a fquare Degree fuppofe of 69 Englifh Miles will evaporate 33 Millons of ‘Tuns. This will account for the Ca/pian Sea being always at a Stand, and neither wafting nor overflowing ; andalfo for the Current faid to ays in at the Streights of Gibraltar, nding that thofe Mediterranean Seas receive fo many, and fo confiderable Rivers. This Experiment has been carry’d yet farford Society ; who, fuppofing a cubical Foot of Water to weigh 76 Pounds, and this Foot containing 1728 cubick Inches, and divided in the 76 Pounds, gives half an Ounce and 134 Grains, whichis the Weight of 5 Inch of Water; therefore the Weight 33, h or 35 Parts of a e, the Diameterof is 7 Inches and upwards, is more than uare Inches; which if it be divided by Inch, the Quantity of Water n Vapours, the Produ& will be Parts of an Inch wafted in that $ is a plain Proof of what a when dilated and fodden by too much Wet. and puts the emulgent Fibres of Plants upon feeking their Food. One” © inw influential Power Operates Branches, Leaves and Fruit. © in 50 60 : i ° ip 2 1 2 3 40 50 60 ° g | | 7° 80 on the Boughs, The firft three Tables thew the Length of The Sun alfo qualifies the Air; which otherwile by its Frigidity would ftop the very Courfe of Nature. And indeedit would be dificult to inftance any thing in the whole Circle ofBotanologythat does not participate of a Shareofthis virtual and diffufive Good. Shadows in the Summer and Winter Solftice, and in the Vernal and Autumnal Equinoxes. From what has been faid, we may eafily account for the Difference of Heat in Summer and Winter, viz. from the Obliquity of the Sun's Rays: This therefore fhould be well confider'd in the Contrivance of Stoves, to preferve the moft tender Exotick Plants, which ought to have their Glaffes fo Gituated as to receive the Sun’s Rays in direé Lines as great a Part of the Yearas poffible: For which Reafon the Stoves which have upright Glaffesin Front, and floping Glaffes over them, are juftly preferred to any at prefent contriv’d. And from hence we fe the Advantage of making the back Part and Ceiling of all Greenhoufes and Stoves as white as poffible, fince it is evident that the Rays of Light are hereby reflected with much greater Force, and fo confequently the Heat is greatly increas’d, which fhould always be obferved in Buildings of this Kind. From hence alfo we may learn, that Co n= tries in the fame Latitude may be very diffe- rent in their Heat, according to their Situa- tion in refpeét to the Sun’s Rays, or according to the Nature ofthe Soil in reflecting the Rays with a greater or lefs Ferce: So that in preferving Exotick Plants, the Heat which they require can’t be exa@ly determin’d from the Latitude of the Places of their Growth: But the Situation of the Places muft alfo be feveral other Obfervations which ought tobe made by fuch as collect Plants in foreig? Countries, Suppofe a Mountain, Column, or other Body, whofe perpendicular Height is one Degree 5 The Species are ; 1, SymPpHytTuM 3 con/olida, t Feet [Inches 9 Female Comfrey, with a white or pale-yellow Flower. 2. Sympuytum; that Altitude is here fhewn in every Degree of Latitude, at the abovemention’d Times, purpureo. C.B.P. The in Degrees and Minutes: And where fhorter Meafure than a'‘Mile is required, it is fhewn in Seconds. The fourth Table is calculated for the Latitude of 51° 30’, whichis pretty near that of London. This fourth Table fhews the Length of the Shadow made by any perpendicular Body of five Feet Altitude on a Plane, at the Time the Sun enters every Sign of the Zodiack, which at a South Sun will be found very exact on a true Level. SUPERFICIESof the Ground, &c. is the outward Part or Surface of it. SURFACE, > is the bare Outfide of a Body or Superficies. SYCAMORE; vide Acer Majus. SYMPHYTUM: [Some derive it from av, with, and ew, to » to, becaufe this Plant is confolidating and vulnerary, and of great Ufe in caufing Flefh to grow again: Others derive it of cvyevdy, to conglutinate, becaufe if the Leaves or Roots of this Plant are boil’d with Flefh, the Flefh returns again major, femina, fore albo vel pallide luteo. C.B. P. The greater the Length of the Shadow fromany thing of con/olida major mas, flore greater Male Comfrey, with a purple Flower. ; ~ 3. Sympnytum ; majus C. B.P. tuberofd radice. Greater Comfrey, with a tuberofe Root. There are fome other Species of this Plant which are prefery’din fome curious Botanick Gardens for Variety, “but thofe here men- tion’d are what I have chiefly obfery’d in England, The firft Sort grows wild uponthe Sides of Banks andRivers in divers Parts of England, where it is commonly gather’d to fupply the Markets for Medicinal Ufe. The fecond Sort is fometimes foundwild in Exgland, but is lefs commonthan the former; in Hollandit is the only Sort I obferv’d wild, where it grows in great Plenty on the Sides of the Canals almoft every where. The third Sort I never yet obferv’d grow ing wild, but it is prefery’d in many Gardens for Variety. All thefe Plants may be cultivated, either by fowing their Seeds in the Spring, or by parting oftheir Roots; the latter Way, being the moft expeditious, is chiefly practis’d, where they are planted for Ufe. The beft Seafonfor parting their Roots is in Autumn, at which Timealmoft every Piece of a Root will grow: They into one Mafs; hence it is call’d con/alida major offic Comfrey. sates fhould be planted about eighteen Inches afun; Soapd like der, that they may have Room to {pread, and b *d will require no farther Care but to keep them Flower- narrow 1 with four fo many é Form fomewhat and do ripen in the Fl I fhall Latitude 51° 30° The Lengthof the Shadow of a Column of five Feet high at the Time the Sun enters everySign. which by the fame genial Force are put in Action to feek out for their Food, The Sun alfo exhales all fuperfluous Moifture; and by its vital Heat comforts the dilated Pores. __ The Sun diffafes the early Dews, which, if they lay too long on Plants, would rot rather than refrefh them: It alfo preffes theminto the Nerves, and other analogous Parts. This Power, cr, (not to dwell on the Light it conveys to thefe the whole Race ‘of Mankind muft wander | diffolve the latent Salt, and Prepares them for being fucked in by the Fibres of the Plants, confider’d, as whether they grew on Hills, Mountains or Valleys; and if on the Side of Hills, which Side in refpeét to the Sums with fublunary Regions) without which ©ins It helps the Surface of the Ground by attracting or difpelling the Vapours, which would otherwife make it noxious: But more particularly it warms and heats the Ground, and by its powerful Influence, contributes to y of Water may bethus carry’d ‘at Dimenfions of Water, even gh to fupply all Rains, Dews, &. the Sun befides this has a diffufive I fhall here add a Table of the Shadow of to feveral Diftances, according as the Sun is the Sun at the feveral Seafons of the Year, more or lefs elevated above the Horizon; as which was communicated to me by. Mr. alfo how great the Shade will be in GreenTimothy Sheldrach of Norwich; by which a houfes as the Piers are in Breadth, or the Perfon may morereadily fee what L.ffect Walls, Wall in Front is in Height below the Buildings, &c. have in fhading the Ground Safhes, LAMAN Strength ; fuch is the Force ofAir. But this may fuffice concerning, what the Antients call Attraction, which in many Cafes Part of the Creation, and makes Nature her felf to fmile. It has an Influence upon deep Grounds, by warming and chearing the Pores of the Earth | AN ter that is in the Bafon would not enter into the Glafs till the Air, either having loft its own Strength, or rather infinuated or incorporated itlelf in the Water, lofes its own Ss Y oty SU like th ad of a clear from Weeds, for they are extream hardy, and will grow upon almoft any Soil, or in any Situation. SYRINGA; [fo call’d of wew%, a Pipe, becaufe the Branches of this Shrub, the Pith 7 being |
