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Show Ta IC It is vifible, that the Dimenfions of Waterare increas‘'d by freezing, its Particles being kept at fome Diftance the one from the other, by the Intervention of the frigorifick Matter. And befides, there are manylittle Volumes of Air included at feveral Dittances, both in the Pores of the watery Particles, and in the Interftices made bythe ipherical Figures. Now by the Infinuation of thefe Cryftals, the Volumesof Air are driven out of the watery Par- ticles, and manyofthem uniting, form larger Volumes ; thefe have therebya greater Force to expand themfelves than when they are dif- perfed, and fo bothenlarge their Dimenfions, and leffen the {pecifick Gravity of Water thus congealed into Ice. : Ir feems very probable, that Cold, and Freezing, and confequently Ice, are produced by fome Subftance ofa faline Nature floating inthe Air; in that Salts, and more eminently fome particular ones, when mixed with ice or Snow, do wonderfully increafe the Force and Effects of Cold. ~~ VW| I wba dma Ne LL f pag al ‘rhea. i id It is alfo vifible, that all faline Bodies do caufe a Stiffnefs and Frigidity in thofe Bodies into which theyenter. It is manifeft by obferving Salts by Micro{copes, that the Figures of fome Salts, before they fhoot into Maffes, are then double wedgelike Particles, which have abundance of ‘Surface in refpect to their Solidity ; and this is the Reafon why they {wim in Water, whenonce theyare raifed in it, altho’ they are {pecifically heavier: Thefe {mall Points of Salts getting ito the Pores of the Water, whereby they are in fome meafure fufpended in the when the Heat of the Sunis not Winter, ordinarily flrong enough to diffolve the Salts into a to break their Points, and to keep them Fluid in perpetual Motion, which being lefs difturb’d moreat Liberty to approach one another are ; and by thooting into Cryftals, of the Form mentioned, do, bytheir Extremities, aboveinfinuate themfelves into the Pores of Water, and by that means freeze it into a folid Form call’d Ice, As to Thawing, the Reafon feems that Heat afterwards feparating them, to be, ° + 3 and putting thofe faline or frigorifick Particles into Motion, breaks this Union, and feparates the Particles fo far from one another, that the Set out of the Diftance of the attracting fate: thenthe¢ Water Ronee its uid Form, Fore of Air were formed fix on the Botton wouldri in the Jc 1 d ich made him imaginethat thefe Bubbles taking up more Space in the W ater than when their Matter was, as it we dif folved in it, they puthed up a Wate through the Holeat the ‘I op, after the fame manner that new Wineworks out at the Bunohole of a Veffel when it begins to heat ; and the little Water that ouzed out at this J ittle Hole in the Tce, {preading itfelf upon the ups per Surface of the Water, which was already frozen, became Ice alio, and there began to form a Hill of Ice; and that Hole continuine open, byreafon of the Water which paffed fucceffively through it, being puthed up by the new Bubbles which formed them es in the Ice, which continued to increafe about the Sides and Bottom of the Veflel ; he obferved that the upper Surface of the Water as frozen above an Inchthick towards the Edges ofthe Veffel, and above an Inch and half round about the little Hole, before the Water thar was contained in it, as in a Pipe, became frozen ; but at laft it was frozen: Then the middle of the Water remaining unfrozen, and the Water which was compreffed by the new Bubbles, which formed themfelves for two or three Hours, having no Vent at the little Hole, the Ice broke at once towards the Top, by the Spring of the included Air, He try’d the Experiment a {econd Time, and whenthe Ice was about two Inches thick, he warmed the Sides of the Veffel to melt the Outfide of the Jee, and bythat means drew it whole out ofthe Veffel, without fpilling the Water that was contained in the middle of the Ice; then expofing this Jce to the open Air, that the reft of the Water might freeze, it broke three or four Hours after, and he found a Cell in the middle of about one Inch anda half Diameter, containing the Water that remained {till unfrozen, which ran out upon the breaking of the Ive, He made the Experiment the third Time, and having taken out the Ice as before, with a large Pin he made a Hole in the Jce, over the little Pipe or Channel above-mention’d, where the Jce was an Inch higher than any whereelfe, byreafon of the Water which had ouzed out at the little Hole, and was there Monf Mariotte, in his Treatife of Hydro- frozen, and fiaticks, gives the fubfeque as foon as he drewout the Pin, nt Account of what fome happens to Water in Water fpouted out at the Hole, and free i if- then the Hole was frozen cover'd. bythe following zin up again; ftill as Ba ‘ Having filled a cylindri bine Ha the Hole was frozen up he pricked theIce,till ck Vefte] of about all tven or eight Inches the Water was frozen, then he expos’d that high, and fix Inches diamteer, within two Lump of sce to the Air for a whole Night Inches of the Top with without its breaking ; which cee he Be ie plainlyfhew'd, it to the open Air in grez that in the foregoing Experiments the Spring an x Pragret of the fleeinger of the Air-bubbles was the only Reafon ot ee ne “ce rit Congelation the breaking of the Ive. ores the Water, was in the u The Middle of the frozen Lump had about in little long Wart — - oe as much Air in itas ce ; but there were but which were Jagged like a few Bubbles noha io between the towards the Outfide, in Propo m remaining {till pe F though the ton to the Ice, reft Y frozen to the Thic of the Surface was If by boiling the Water you drive the knef§ of More than Aerial Matter out of it, before you fet it out to IL TL to freeze, you will have Jce two or three their Edges, and fome have their Leaves Inches thick, without any vifible Bubbles, and finuated and waved like The Leaves are for the moft part indented or finuated, (andin fome the Edges ofthe Leaves ckly) and are Ever-green ; it bath amen= foon overfpread and deftroy the Plants, which thofe of the Holly; fo tranfparent, as to be as fit to burn by the Sun’s Rays, as Convex Glafles do. but as thefe are only feminal Variations, and will arife from Seeds taken from the é c Tree, foit is not worth troubling myfe i JET D’EAU, is a French Word, which the Reader, to enumerate their feveral Difienifies a Fountain that cafts up Water to any ftinétions in this Place, fince thofe abovementioned are the moft common Varieties, onfiderable Height in the Air. 4 Mr: Mariotte in his Treatife of Hydroftaticks and all the other Differences will be nearly fays, That a Fet @eau will never rife fo high allied to one or otherof the four firft Sorts. Thete Trees are propagated byfowing their as its Refervatory ; but always falls fhort of it by a Space which is in a fubduplicate Ratio of Seeds; the beft Seafon for this Work is in the that Height, and this he proves by feveral beginning of March; but then, as the Acorns Experiments. ‘That tho’ Fets ought to rife are ripe in Autumn, they fhould be preferv’d to the Height of the Refervatories, yet the either in Sand or dry Earth until the Spring, Fridtion of the Sides of the Ajutages, and the othe:wife they will lofe their growing Faculty, Refiftance of the Air, are the Caufes that in which is commonly the Cafe with thof Fets that have very high Refervatories, the brought annually from Genoa, fcarce one Seed Height of the Fets does not come upto that in fifty of them ever rifing ; however, fince of the Refervatory by a great deal. we have many large Trees nowin Hugland He adds, that if a greater branches out in which produce good Seeds, we need not fend many {maller ones, or is diftributed through to Italy for them; but were I to advife, I feveral Fets, the Square of the Diameter of fhould much rather have them from Portugal the main Pipe muft be proportion’d to the Sum than Italy; for the Voyage being much of all the Expences of its Branches: That if fhorter, they are generally brought from the Refervatory be yz Feet high, and the thence in very good Condition. Ajutage half an Inch in Diameter, the Pipe The Manner in which I would advife their ought to be three Inches in Diameter. being fown, is, if for large Quantities, in Drills Hefays, That the Beauty of Fets of Water at about two Feet Diftance ; but for a {mall confifts in their Uniformity and ranf{parency Parcel, they muft be fown in Rows on a Bed at the going out of the Ajutage, and {pread- much nearer, ing but very little, and that to the higheft The Ground on which thefe Seeds are fown, Part of the fet. fhould be well dug andcleanfed from the Roots That the worft fort of Ajutages are thofe of all noxious Weeds, €c. and levell’d even, that are Cylindrical; for they retard very and the great Clods broken, then drawth much the Height of the ets; the Conick Rills with a Hoe in a ftrait Line (as is praretard it lefs: But the beft way is to bore the Gtis'd in the fowing of Kidney-beans) about Horizontal Plane, which fhuts the Extremity two Inches deep, laying the Acorns therein of the Pipe or Conduit, with a fmooth and two or three Inches afunder, then draw the polifh’d Hole; taking Care that the Plate be Earth over them with the Head of a Rake, perfe@tly plain, polifh’d and uniform. obferving that none of them areleft unco» ver’d, which would intice the Vermin to attack ILEX [takes its Name of 7>x Hed. an your Acorns, efpecially the Mice, whereby Oak, becaufe this Tree is a Species of Oak] your Seminary will be greatly injur’d, if not The Ever-green Oak. wholly deftroy’d. The Charaéiers are ; In the middle of rij the young Plants will appear above Ground, you muft then clear the Ground from Weeds, which would 5, which are produced at remote mutt conftantly be obferv’d, efpecially while om the Fruit, on the fame Tree; they are young. ‘The firft Year from Seed the Fruit is an Acorn like the common Oak. they will make but fmall Progrefs, but afterThe Species are ; t. Inex5 folio angufto non ferrato. C. B. P. The Olive-leay’d Ever-green Oak. 2 Itex; folio oblonga ferrate. C. B. P. Narrow-leay'd Ever-green Oak, with ferrated Leaves, 3: Ihex; folio Agrifolii: Bot. Mon{p. Hollyleav’d Eversgreen Oak, lex; folio rotu ndiore molli, modiceque wards they will make amends bytheir quick Growth (efpecially if they agree with the Soil) in March following you muft gently dig up the Ground between the Rows of Plants, in order to deftroy the Weeds, and to render it light’ for the Roots to ftrike out on each Side, which will greatly promote the Growth of the Plants ; but in doing ofthis youfhould be very careful not to difturb the Roots of fi five {milax Theopbrafti. C. B. P. The the Plants, which would greatly injure them : Ever-green Oak, with round, fmooth, finuated In this Place they may remain until the fecond Leaves. Spring after fowing, when, in the beginning 5. Ibex 3 4culeata coccighandifera. Co B.P: of April, you fhould take up the Plants where . Lhere are feveral other Varieties: of thefe they are too clofe, and'tranfplant them where Trees, which differ in the Shape of their Leaves, fome-being long: and {mooth, others they are’ defign’d' to remain: But as thefe Trees are fubje& to have Tap-Roots, fo they ate rounder, and have many: Prickles upon are’ very difficult to-be' remov’d; you ed there- |