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Show FR FR the Plants will be come up an Inch high : you mutt therefore remove the Boxes as the Weatherincreafes hot, into a more fhady Situ- ation; for while the Plants are young they are liable to fuffer by being too much expos’d to theSun: And in this fhady Situation they may remain during the Heat of the Summer, FR FRONDOSE, [Frondofus, Lat.] full of, or apt to bear Leaves. FRONDOSITY, [Frondofitas, Lat.] Leafin. nefi, Fulnefi of Leaves, Leaves. or Aptnefs to bear FRONTATED, [Frontatus, Lat.]aTerm obferving to keep them clear from Weeds,and us’d by Botanijts, relating to the Leafof a to refrefh them now and then with a little Moifture, but be careful not to give them much Water after their Leaves are decay’d, which would rot the Roots. Aboutthe Beginning of Augu/t, if the Roots are very thick in the Boxes, you fhould prepare a Bed of good Flower, which grows broader and broader, perhaps terminating in a Right Line, and jg us’d in oppofition to Cu/pidated, i.e. when the Leaves of a Flower end in a Point, FROST may be defin’dto be an exceffive light frefh Earth, which muft be levell’d very even, upon which you fhould fpread the Earth in the Boxes in which the fmall Roots are con- Cold State of the Weather, whereby the Mo- an Inchthick with the fame frefh Earth: This Bed fhould be fituated in a warm Pofition, By Frof, Metals contraét, or are fhorten’d, tion and Fluidity of the Liquorsare fufpended; or, itis that State of the Air, &&c, whereby tain’d, equally covering it about one Fourth of Fluids are converted into Ice. Monf. Auzout found by an Experiment, that but not too clofe to Hedges, Walls, or Pales, an Iron Tube twelve Feet long, upon being which would caufe their Leaves to be long expos’d to the Air in a frofty Night, loft two andflender, and make the Roots weaker than Lines of its Length. But this may be fuppos’d to be wholly the Effect of Cold. if plac’d in a more open Expofure. In this Bed they may remain until they On the contrary, Fro/t does not contract flower, whichis generatly the third Year from fowing ; at which time you fhould put down a wi egeogeenr Fluids; but, on the other hand, {wells or dilates them near one-tenth of their Bulk. Mr. Boyle gives us feveral Experiments of Veffels made of Metals exceeding thick and ftrong, which being fill’d with Water, clofe ftopt, and expos’d to the Cold; the Water being expanded by freezing, and not finding Flower, which for their Beauty are preferv’d either Room or Vent, burfts the Veffels. in the beft Gardens; but the other lefs valuA ftrong Barrel of a Gun with Water in’t, able Flowers, maybe plantedin the Borders being ftopt clofe and frozen, was rent the of the Parterre Garden for their Variety, where whole Length: And a {mall Brafs Veffel five being intermix’d with other Flowers of diffe- Inches deep, and two in diameter, fill’d with rent Seafons, they will make a good Ap- Water, &c. and frozen, lifted up its Lid, which pearance. was prefs’d with a Weight of 56 Pounds. The fine Sorts ofthis Flower fhould remain ‘There are alfo related many remarkable undifturb’d three Years, by which time they Effects of Frof on Vegetables. Morery Hif. will have produc’d many Off-fets, and fhould de France, fays, That Trees are frequently be therefore taken up when their Leaves are {corch’d and burnt up with Fro/t, as with the decay’d, and planted intoa freth Bed, taking moft exceffive Heat, and that ev’n in fo warm fuch of their Off-fets as are large enough to a Climate as Provence. produce Flowers to plant in the FlowerMr. Bobart relates, that in the great Frat Garden, butthe fmaller Roots may be planted Anno 1683. Oaks, Afbes, Walnut-Trees, &c. into a Nurfery-bed until they have obtain’d were miferably {plit and cleft, fo as they Strength enough to flower ; but you muft never might be feen through, and this too with teMarkto the Rootsof all fuch as produce fair Flowers : and at the time of taking them out of the Ground (which ought to be foon after their green Leaves are decay’d) may be felected into a Bed amongft your old Roots of this fuffer thefe Roots to lie out of the Ground when you remove them, but plant themagain immediately, for otherwife they will perith. Duringthefe three Years which I have advis’d the Roots to remain in the Beds, the Surfac ¢ of the Earth fhouldbe ftir’d every Autumn wita a Trowel, obferving not to go fo deep as to bruife the Root, and at the fame time #ty a thin Cover of very rotten Dung or Tanner’s Bark upon the Surface ofthe Beds ; which being wafh’d into the Ground, will caufe the Flowers to be larger, as alfo the Roots to make a greater Increafe: You muft ae apts to keep them conftantly clear from eeds, and thofe Roots which you would ae with Care, fhould not be futfer’d to jeed. _FRITILLARIA CRA SSA ; vide Afcle- pias. Pk falling Plants through Frof, and that which The Word Fruit is alfo us’d to fignify an the Parts of Animals are liable to, that they Affemblage of Seeds in a Plant, as in a Pea, Bean, Ranunculus, &c. and in its general Signification, for all Kinds of Grain, whether naked, orinclos’d in Cover, Capjula or Pod, whether bony, flethy, skippy, membraneous, muft have fome analogous Caufe. Corrofive Humours burn the Parts of Animals; and the Aérial Nitre condens’d, has the fame Effects on the Parts of Plants. Memoires de P Academie Royale des Sciences, An. 1709. Mr. Derham fays, That the greateft Sufferers in the Animal Kingdom were Birds and Infects ; but Vegetables were much the greateft Sufferers. That few of the tender Sorts of Vegetables efcap’d the Severity of the Froft, Bays, Laurels, Rofemary, Cyprefi, Alaternus’s, Phillyrea’s, Arbutus’'s, Lauruftinus’s, and even Furz, with moft of the frutefcent Herbs, as Lavenders, Abrotanum’s, Rhue, Thyme, &c. were generally deftroy’d. He adds, That the Sap of the finer Wall-Fruit was fo congeal’d and deftroy’d, that it ftagnated in the Limbs and Branches, and produc’d Diforderslike to Chilblains in Human Bodies, which would turn to Mortifications in many Parts of the Trees. That the very Buds of the finer Trees, Produétion of the Skin or Outer Bark of the vation, That Vegetables fuffer’d more from the Suz, than from the Frof; in that the Sun-fhine melting the Snow, and opening the Ground, left it more expos’d to the Rigours of the enfuing Night. It was likewife obferv’d, at a Meeting of the Royal Society, That the Calamities which befel Trees, arofe not purely from their being frozen, but principally from the Winds fhaking and rocking them when they were frozen, which rent andparted their Fibres. Philofoph. Tranfaf?. N° 324. Hoar-Froft or White-Froft is the Dew frozen or congeal’d early in cold Mornings, chiefly in Autumn. This (as Mr. Regis obferves) is an Affemblage of little Parcels of Ice or Cryftals, which are of various Figures, according or Cortex, which is only a Tree; 2. a Parenchyma or Pulp, whichis an Expanfion and Intumefcence of the Ble or Inner Bark of the Tree ; 3. the Fibres or Ramifications of the Woody Part of the Trees 4 the Core, which is the Produce of the Pith or Medulla of the Plant, indurated or ftrengthen’d by Twigs of the Wood and Fibres inofculated therewith: This ferves to furnifh a Cell or Lodgefor the Kernels, filtrates the Juice of the Parenchyma, andconveys it, thus prepar’d, to the Kernel. Of the Fibres, Authors generally reckon fifteen Branches ; of which, ten penetrate the Parenchyma, and incline to the Bafis of the Flower ; the other five afcend moreparticularly from the Pedicle or Stalk, and meet with the former at the Bafe of the Flower ; to to the different Difpofition of the Vapours which Branches the Cap/ule or Coats of the which met and condenfed by Cold. Kernels are faften’d. Dewis, to all Appearance, the Matter of Thefe Branches being firft extended through Hoar Frof? ; tho? many of the Cartefians fuppofe ic to be form’d of a Cloud, and cither congeal’d in the Cloud, and fo let fall, or bearing, fruitful. FRUCTIFEROUS, [Frudifer, Lat.] FruitFRUCTUS; vide Fruit. was remarkable throughout the greateft, Part FRUITis the Production of a Tree or Plant, for the Propagation or Multiplication Germany, Denmark, Italy, Bcc. but was {catce of its Kind: In which Senfe Fruit includes all Kinds of Seeds, with their Furniture, &c. All the Orange, Trees and Olives in Italy, Provence, &c. a0 all the Walnut-Trees throughout France with an Infinity of other Trees, perith’d by the of a Plant wherein the Seed is contain’d, which the Latins call Fruéfus, and the Greeks falling tute the Root, Trunk and Boughs, are ex- viz. 1. a Skin, Mr. Derbam relates it as a common Obfer- Philof: Tranfaét, N° 165. Mr. Derham fays, That the Frof in 1708 Monf. Gauteron fays, They hada Gangrene on them, which he takes to be the Effect a corrofive Salt, which corrupted and deftroy¢. their Texture. He adds, That there is 1 much Refemblance between the Gangrene ge Dr. Beale faggefts fome very good Reafons for a direét Communication between the remoteft Parts of the Zree and the Fruit ; fo that the fame Fibres or Stamina which confti- both in the Leaf, Buds, and Bloffom-Buds the Earth. Froft, Tree, Matter, teady to be congeal’d as foon as it arrives at felt in Scotland and Ireland. the Flower is intended. The Structure and Parts of different Fruits are different in fome Things: but inall the Species, the effential Parts of the Fruit appear to be only Continuations or Expanfions of thofe which are feen in the other Parts ofthe were quite kill’d, and dry’d into a farinaceous rible Noifes like the Explofion of Fire Arms: the moft univerfal in the Memory of Man: Thatit extended throughout England, Frantts Fruit isthe Product or Refult of the Flower; or that for whofe Production, Nutrition, €c. tended into the very Fruit. Thus if you cut open an Apple tranfverfely, you will find it to confift chiefly of four Parts: That the Clifts were not only in the Bodies, but continu’dto the larger Boughs, Roots, Se of Europe; and the greateft in Degree, if not or the like. 0 Sufe itto fignify, properly, that Part Kaas The Fruit of fome Plants are produced ingly, as are their Flowers, and fometimes y are produced in Clufters, as in moft it-Trees, which are alfo flefhy; but in y Plants they are dry. the Parenchyma to the Flower, furnifh the neceffary Matter for the Vegetation of it: but as the Fruit increafes, it interceptsthe Aliment 5 andthus the Flower is ftarv’d and falls off. In a Pearthere are five Parts to be diftinguifh’d, viz, the Skin, Parenchyma, Ramification, Stone, and Acetarium. The three firft Parts are common to the Apple. The Stone, obfery’d chiefly in Choke- Pears, isa Congeries of {trong Corpufcles, that are difpers’d throughout the whole Paren- chyma, but in the greateft Plenty, andclofeft together about the Centre or Acetarium: it is form’d of the ftony or calculous Part of the Nutritious Juice. The Acetariumis a Subftance of a tart, acid Tafte, of a globular Figure, inclos’d in an Affemblage of feveral of the ftony Parts before mention’d. Ina Plum, Cherry, 8c. there are four Parts, viz. a Coat, Parenchyma, Ramification, and Nucleus or Stone. The Stone confifts of two very different Parts: The External or ae art, |