OCR Text |
Show 1 000.] SOFT ANATOMY OF THE MUSK-OX. 147 found, but none on the anterior third of the central region. Their diameter measures from 1| to 2 | m m . Papilla; circumvallatce are placed in two irregular rows on either side of the tongue of Ovibos. Their number is about 12-15. Ovis and Capra have the papillce filiformes on the anterior portion of the tongue similar to those in Ovibos, and this is also the case with Capreolus, but in Bos they are more narrow and pointed. In all four genera, mentioned for comparison, a median region of the anterior portion of the tongue is destitute of papillce fungiformes except at the tip. But, on the other hand, Rangifer resembles Ovibos in having papilla; fungiformes scattered over the whole of the anterior portion of the tongue, although less densely in the central region. The same is also the case with Cervus elaphus and C. dama. Rangifer and Ovibos are also alike in having the papillous covering extending about 1 | cm. on the lateral lower surface of the tongue. In Ovis and Capra a similar arrangement of the papillae takes place, as it also does on the sides (but not at the tip) of the Capreolus tongue. In Bos the papillae do not extend far laterally or to the lower side of the tongue. The papilla? of the posterior portion of the tongue in the middle are large and flattened in Ovis. The corresponding papillae of Ovibos are comparatively less enlarged, and look more like scales than tubercles. In Bos (and partly in Capra) these papilla? are more conical and curved, especially anteriorly. The papilla? of Ovibos may thus be said to be in an intermediate stage of development. The papillae of Capreolus are scale-like, with roundish tips, resembling in their shape those of Ovibos, but those of Rangifer are rather more pointed, and the anterior ones even conical. In Bos only the hindmost ones are soft, the others all being more or less horny. Capreolus and Rangifer are provided with papillce fungiformes only on the sides of the posterior portion of the tongue, but in Bos, Capra, and Ovis there are some scattered on the middle of the central region as well, although not so many as in Ovibos. In Capreolus and Rangifer more than half of the lateral surfaces of the posterior portion of the tongue is covered by small papillce filiformes, thereby agreeing with Ovibos. In Capra the same is the case anteriorly, but in Ovis at least two-thirds of these parts are smooth. Papillce circumvallatce occur on each side in Ovis 18-24 (according to Ellenberger & Muller) in 4 rows, in Bos 10-17 in 2 rows, in Capra 16-17 (12 according to Ellenberger & Muller) in 2 rows, in Capreolus 8-9 in 2 irregular rows \ and in Rangifer 7-11 in 2 irregular rows2. 1 In Cervus elaphus and dama the number of pap. circumvallatce is variable, and they are disposed in two irregular rows. 2 In Bronn's Klass. und Ordn., Leche mentions that the number of pap. circumvallat£e is " bei Camelidce sechs." The primary three on each side I have found in Camelus bactrianus to be the largest and best developed, but accessory ones are also found, as in one instance two on each side close to the primary, and two more on each side with a more posterior and median position, 10* |