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Show 1900.] SOFT ANATOMY OF THE MUSK-OX. 155 gives the following results. With regard to its pronounced division into a right and left lobe, it resembles more the ovine than the bovine liver. But since the same division is just as much pronounced in many other forms, this characteristic has hardly any classificatory value. The lobus spigelii has the same form in Outs, Bos, and Ovibos; but it is doubtful whether the shape of this lobe offers any valuable characteristics, since it may be absent or present in the same genus or even species, while its form in the same species may be either " rusiform " or " oviform " (cf. Garrod, I. c. p. 4). The shape of the lobus caudatus in the Musk-ox is more flattened and less trihedral than in any liver of Cavicornia or Cervicornia I have seen. Fig. 8. Liver, gall-bladder, and part of the duodenum of the Musk-ox. This probably depends on the circumstance that the right kidney is not so closely impressed and capped by this part of the liver. The union of the ductus pancreaticus with the ductus choledechus before entering the intestine seems at first sight to be a character of more importance, because this presents a resemblance to Sheep and a difference from Cattle. It must be observed, however, that, according to Franck \ Bos not seldom has two ducti pancreatici, one opening directly in the intestine, and the other uniting with the ductus choledechus. This considerably lessens the difference of arrangement, the more so as m y preparation of Ovibos was a little damaged in these parts, so that I a m not able to deny the possible 1 Cf. Ellenberger and Muller, /. c. p. 433. |