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Show 1889.] LAND-SHELLS FROM BORNEO. 333 are due. The excellent catalogue (with plates) of Bornean shells compiled by Signor A. Issel in 1874 from the collections brought together by Signor G. Doria and Signor O. Beccari has been of great use and forms the basis of m y work. I include in this paper all the species not seen by me, but there enumerated, with the names printed in italics, so as to bring the record up to date. I have also included all the species mentioned as from Borneo in Tenison-Woods's " Malaysian Land end Freshwater Mollusca " (Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, ser. 2, vol.ii. pp. 1003-1095)-an imperfect list as regards Borneo. Some years ago I had placed in m y hands by Mr. John Evans all the shells obtained by Mr. Everett when he was exploring the limestone caves in Borneo ; these shells were all much weathered and in a very unsatisfactory state to name and describe, and it was desirable that a better knowledge of the living forms of Borneo should be first obtained before doing so. The specimens thus dug out of the floors of these caverns are now referred to in this paper. Mr. Everett at m y request preserved a good number of his land-shells in spirit, and I am thus enabled to describe the anatomy of some of the Zonatidse that I have had time to examine, which are of much interest. The greatest credit is due to Mr. Everett for adding so largely to our knowledge of the Molluscan Fauna of Borneo, for his labours have furnished us in this first part alone with no less than 34 new species, besides a very large number of other shells obtained by previous naturalists and collectors, some of which were rare and little known. Mr. Everett is returning to Borneo, and with this excellent commencement and foundation for future exploration will no doubt add many more to the novel and extremely interesting set of shells he has already discovered there. He has written m e the following short description of the country, which gives an idea of its physical features. The accounts of the same district in the Journals of Rajah Sir James Brooke also indicate that it is a sort of paradise for land-shells, where numberless new species are yet to be found with proper search at the proper season, and when the hill-ranges are thoroughly explored. " The ' plain ' at Labuan is simply an open grassy space bordering on Victoria Harbour and representing the original clearing of the settlement. It is composed partly of sea-sand and partly of old mangrove-mud and is intersected by ditches, which are often quite dry in the fine season, and in the rainy season are alternately filled with rain-water and with brackish or even purely salt-water according to the state of the tides. The plain seems to have been originally swampy and covered with mangroves and white Casuarines on the sandy portions. The Busan Hills are situated perhaps a dozen miles from the sea as the crow flies, between Tegora and Kuching in Sarawak. They attain an elevation of about 500 feet, and are covered with old forest and the usual lower undergrowth, except where the scarps are too steep to admit of the lodgment of soil or of decaying vegetation. The rock is compact limestone, the surface of which is much fretted by the action of the rains, and where not exposed to direct sunlight is usually covered to a greater or less degree with a variety of mosses. |