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Show 22 MESSRS. F. E. BEDDARD AND F. TREVES ON THE [Jan. 15, (3) Arises from the shaft of the fibula behind and below the other peroneal muscles ; it passes down beneath the tendon of second peroneal and is inserted on to the cuboid bone. (4) The fourth peroneal is a small muscle arising from the lower part of the first peroneal; it is inserted into the tendon of the third peroneal. Extensor communis digitorum.-This muscle arises from the upper part of the tibia ; it is a fleshy muscle and passes down through a well-marked annular ligament; its tendon divides into three branches; two very strong ones supply inner and outer toes; the tendon ot middle toe is very slender. The anterior tibial arises by two muscular bands from the shaft of the tibia; it is inserted below into the base of the inner metatarsal bone and tarsus. Extensor brevis digitorum arises from astragalus, and is inserted mainly into the middle toe together with the longus, but forming much the larger part of the tendon ; some fibres go to the inner toe, none to the outer. Flexor communis digitorum.-This is a large fleshy muscle and takes the place of the flexores longus, longus pollicis, and of the tibialis posticus in Man. It arises from the posterior surface of the tibia and of the fibula; the origin from the flbula extends as high up as a ridge on its head ; it also arises from fascia over popliteal ; from the tibia it arises only from the outer side of the lower part of the shaft; the muscle becomes tendinous at the ankle and passes over a trochlear surface formed partly of cartilage and in connection, as it appeared, with the calcaneo-cuboid ligament; it communicates bv a tendinous slip with the flexor brevis and then divides into three tendons, each of these passes under a sheath formed by the flexor brevis, and is inserted at the base of the last phalanx of its digit. The Flexor brevis is entirely tendinous and is really nothing more than a continuation of the plantarisl ; it divides into three tendons, each of which forms a sheath for the longus to go through, and from the inner wall of the sheath small tendons are continued forwards to the base of the second phalanx; the three sheaths seem to be joined at the side. The Lumbricales are four in number; three of these are in connection with longus and one seems to arise from the outer tendon of lono* and short flexors. There are Lnterossei muscles in each space and on both sides. The Gastrocnemius is a large muscle ; it arises from the femur by two heads ; it passes down and is attached to os calcis. The Plantaris is a slender strong muscle; it arises from the outer condyle of the femur ; it passes down under gastrocnemius to os calcis, where it spreads out and passes over a smooth cartilaginous surface upon the bone and forms the flexor brevis digitorum. The Popliteus is a large muscle ; it arises from the external condyle of femur ; it passes obliquely downwards and inwards to be 1 As in most other Mammals. |
