OCR Text |
Show 516 ON THE ORNIS OF SAO PAULO. [Apr. 18, Trogon surucura. Natterer obtained T. aurantius at Monjolinha in the State of Sao Paulo ; but this locality is situated on the confines of Bio de Janeiro. In the same manner Picolaptes falcinellus of Sao Paulo is replaced in Bio by P. squamatus; Myrmeciza squamosa by M. loricata; Cono-pophaga nigrigenys by C. melanops ; and Dendrobates spilogaster by D. affinis. Sao Paulo and Santos are situated a little distance apart, but the difference in elevation (760 m.) effects a difference of 3° C. in the mean annual temperature. This explains why many Bahia species extend to Iguape, but are not found in Sao Paulo. Yet some of these species occur in the western regions of Sao Paulo, along the Parana Biver, at 21° South latitude. From the Bio Parana Natterer obtained examples of such species as Tanagra palmarum, Donacobius atricapillus, Dacnis sp>eciosa, and Polioptila leucogastra, which we have received from Iguape and which also occur in Bio and Bahia, but not in Sao Paulo. This is probably also true of Cyclorhis wiedi, but this species has not been observed at Bio de Janeiro ; and it probably represents a Matto- Grosso form which, at Iguape and in Bahia, has reached the coast-zone. Basileuterus hypoleucus is another species from Minas and Goyaz observed at Ypanema by Natterer. Machetomis rixosa has not been met with in the State of Sao Paulo, but perhaps occurs in the western zone. In the States of Bio Grande do Sul and Bahia it is, however, a member of the littoral fauna, due to the extension in these States of the central campos to the coast. In some cases it is easy to separate the different faunistic elements of the genera of the Sao Paulo ornis. Tachyphonus melaleucus occurs in the western zone of Sao Paulo ; T. coronalus is distributed from Bio Grande do Sul to Bio; and T. cristatus ranges from Northern Brazil to Bio and Iguape. Amongst the species of Euscarthmus, E. gularis is a southern form, occurring from Bio Grande do Sul to Bio. E. fumifrons and E. pelzelni are Matto- Grosso birds, occurring along the Parana Biver ; and E. nidipen-dulus and E. orbitatus are species of Bahia and Bio which extend into Sao Paulo. Species of the western element which extend their distribution to Ypanema and the Bibeira Biver present some difficultv. I consider all the species not observed in the littoral districts of Southern Brazil, extending north and south of Sao Paulo, as members of the Western fauna which have come along the Paranapanema Biver either to the littoral or to the marginal zone. Naturally, it Mill be only possible to decide such questions when their geographical distribution is exactly known. As, however, the fauna of Bio de Janeiro is well represented in the larger museums, and has been examined by numerous naturalists, I believe that there are really a number of North-Brazilian species which occur in the littoral at Bahia, but not at Bio, and which extend to the western region of Sao Paulo. One more example may be given. W e have various specimens |