OCR Text |
Show 512 DR. H. VON IHBRING ON THE [Apr. 18, A. ararauna, Anadorhynchus hyacinthinus and others, is of decisive importance, and the same Aras ascend the Paranapanema Biver a great distance up. I may observe, however, that I have sufficient knowledge of the birds of Tiete and Piracicaba, to say that the ornis there is the same as that of Sao Paulo, without reference to differences of secondary importance. W e do not know the exact extension of the Goyaz elements along the Paranapanema Biver, but there are facts which make us believe that many tropical forms may have migrated along this river, definitely or temporarily, to the Bibeira Biver, and to the neighbourhood of Ypanema. It is quite possible that some tropical species, found by Natterer in 1820 at Ypanema, do not now live there, the character of the country having been greatly modified by culture. I was not able to obtain from the district of Ypanema species of Holochilus and other Bodents captured there by Natterer ; but on the contrary there is now common there, as well as at Sao Paulo, Hesperomys (Nectomys) sciureus Wagn., which does not seem to be represented in the extensive collections made by Natterer. I believe that, as is the case with tbe Fumarius, this species has attained its present wide distribution in the State of Sao Paulo since the time of Natterer. Fumarius rufus is a species common in the campos of Eio Grande do Sul and Argentina, and occurs in Sao Paulo in the western regions, and in the valley of the Parahyba Biver. I am informed by Major Cornelio Vieira do Camargo that this bird made its appearance in the municipality of Tatuhy about twenty years ago. Natterer, in 1819-1822, obtained no specimens in the State of S. Paulo. In his list is registered a specimen from Bio, but erroneously; for Mr. Euler informs me that this bird does not occur in Bio de Janeiro at all. This species which, as we can hardly doubt, has in this country extended its area in a very remarkable manner into the State of Sao Paulo, occurs neither in the vicinity of the capital of the State nor in the littoral belt. It is therefore an element of the Central Fauna, immigrated into the intermediary zone; and it is a matter of further research to verify the other species which are in the same condition. Polioptila dumicola is an element of the Central Fauna which Natterer obtained on the Bio Parana. It seems reasonable to suppose that the case of P. leucogaster would be the same, but as this species occurs also at Iguape, Bio, and Bahia, another explanation must be given. Besides this central element, we have to distinguish species of Sao Paulo which are mainly found south of Bio and Sao Paulo, and others belonging to the Bahia-Bio district which in certain localities extend into the territory of Sao Paulo. This southern element contains some species which extend from Buenos Ayres to Bio de Janeiro, such as Stephanophorus cceruleus, Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Hemitriccus diops, Serphophaga nigricans, and Limnopardalis rhgtirhynchus. Besides these, there are others which occur from Argentina to Sao Paulo, as Cistothorus polyglottus, Haplospiza unicolor, Corgphospiza albifrons, Serphophaga |